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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Shakespeare's Globe Theater Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Shakespeare's Globe Theater - Essay Example It was situated in the edges of London (Notini 1001); produced using oak was one of Englandââ¬â¢s most sublime structures with a sitting limit of around 3000 and planned as an outdoors three story amphitheater. In spite of the glaring class divisions in the Elizabethan occasions, which were apparent even in the vast majority of the plays, the auditorium gave a discussion in which both the rich and poor could partake in diversion together. The high societies involved the upper levels which were moderately agreeable while the poor additionally referred to in the theater setting as ââ¬Ëgroundlingââ¬â¢ involved a region called the pit at the cost of a penny in spite of the fact that they needed to stand. The theatreââ¬â¢s emotional imagery was upgraded by the way that signs and banners were ordinarily utilized when promoting exhibitions that the crowd expected to see (Weimann 402). A disaster like Othello would be represented by a dark banner, comedies like subduing of the vixen a white one and chronicled plays, for example, Julius Ceaser would be publicized with a warning. Embellished on the passage were the Latin engravings ââ¬Å"Totus mundus agit histrionemâ⬠, which means the entire world is a playhouse. The theaterââ¬â¢s authentic centrality is supported by its nearby similarity to the Greco roman structures where residents met to appreciate games and plays. It goes about as a scaffold to the old style and renaissance periods where theater was at last given the acknowledgment it merited and to a noteworthy degree, the globe theater is the purpose behind progress and importance of broadways and even Hollywood but by implication. Here, popular plays were attempted and t ried and distinctive arranging procedures explored different avenues regarding, the independence of on-screen characters was additionally drawn closer with extraordinary ones being perceived and this steadily hinted at the idea of fame where on-screen characters are exceptionally venerated in spite of the fact that in those days they were frequently viewed as indecent. During
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Wrong Site Surgery Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Wrong Site Surgery - Case Study Example Fundamentally, social insurance parts need distinct builds on security assessments in persistent treatment and mediations; sadly, shortages in evaluative endeavors to predict upgrades in wellbeing teamsââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"ongoing information, or utilization of a strategy to avert...future antagonistic eventâ⬠(Michaels et al., 2007, p. 526). Much as reality harms, solid responsibility in both government and private wellbeing divisions are deficient in battling for the privileges of open to sheltered and quality wellbeing treatment. In fact, assortment of wellbeing associations are as of now mindful of disparities in careful blunders and are currently setting rules for checking shields against negative wellbeing effects of carelessness in proficient practice. Among the outer offices worried on quality clinical practices in every single clinical region are Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), the National Patient Safety Initiative, the American College of Surgeons (ACS), the New York Sta te Department of Health (NYS DOH), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). They are of various hierarchical group, yet are joined in setting explicit benchmarks that address issues in the careful condition, particularly with uncontrolled blunders in wrong-site medical procedure. In import, clinical checking is started by JCAHO, arrangement of examinations are led on the expanding negligence grumblings and assessed 150 significant cases to decide its main drivers. Lion's share (66%) of results are pointed on mistakes in careful site (The Joint Commission, 2001). The result asserts rising instances of wrong site medical procedure in clinical foundations. To assuage from government pressures, previously mentioned wellbeing associations created their own form of clinical practices that address the issues with wrong-side medical procedure in every single institutional classification. Reliably coordinated in inside institutional approaches, recommended execution techniq ues to forestall further careful harm incorporate ââ¬Å"marking the careful site and including the patient in the stamping procedure, making and utilizing confirmation checklist...obtaining oral check of the patient, careful site, and procedure...by every individual from the careful group, observing consistence with these procedures...(and as a major aspect of confirmation) careful groups consider time-outâ⬠(The Joint Commission, 2001, p. 2). Most think about such activities as all inclusive in convention, and pretty much every emergency clinic adjust these as defensive program measures for security and quality careful mediations. In judicious manners, the different elements in check process in pre-sedation period, and even preceding really beginning the surgery, through the ââ¬Å"time-outâ⬠procedure of delaying to audit before starting an entry point on the site, appeared to be reasonable methodologies to give the careful group each chance to affirm whether the correc t site had been demonstrated and set apart by the specialist in-control. Unpretentiously, every activity indicate various correspondence designs, in verbal, composed and expressive methods, that continually reminds the wellbeing group that what they are precisely setting out is clinically fitting. In such cases, the arrangement of clinical prompts are insufficient, particularly when interior culture directs hindrances in correspondence, as broadly interpreted in plain practices from legitimate specialists down to coursing medical caretakers. Specifically, the case test on an older man showed for left-side biopsy, which wound up as casualty of wrong site sur
Friday, August 21, 2020
Medical School Primary Application Essay Examples - Read These Tips Before You Begin Writing
Medical School Primary Application Essay Examples - Read These Tips Before You Begin WritingMedical school primary application essay samples can be quite tricky for students to find, if you need help you can ask the school admissions department for this. They may have already compiled the necessary medical school essay samples to give to their prospective applicants. This is why it is important that you do some research on the internet before trying to write your essay.There are several good resources for writing a medical school primary application essay, first off you can try to use the free ones available online, these might be useful but they are not always as good as the official medical school secondary essay samples. Also there are a lot of sites on the internet that offer free medical school essay samples. You can check them out but you must know which ones are the most reliable.There are several reasons why you should use the official medical school essay samples, these incl ude that they are usually formatted in a way that the main topic is well set out in advance and there is also a good explanation of how the main point of the essay will be written, this should help you keep your focus when writing your essay. Furthermore, you will also be provided with helpful tips about how to write medical school essays.One tip to help you is to read the guidelines about how to write a medical school primary application essay, there are plenty of good tips and a good example written by Kimchi Olson, a well-known medical student. She has researched and written about the use of technical jargon and specific medical terminology. The examples she has included here should help you as you start out writing your essay.Another helpful tip when using the Kimchi Olson medical school essay samples is to look up the specific medical terms that are used and to look for words that you know that are not often used in academic works. This will help you avoid using the wrong terms and to be able to show that you have a thorough knowledge of the subject. By having the correct terminology in your medical school essay you will be able to show how qualified you are to write such an essay.Another helpful tip to look up when using the Kimchi Olson medical school essay samples is to compare the examples with examples from other literature. You can then use the wordings and concepts they have used as examples in your own writing to make sure that you use them properly and fully understand what they mean. You should also use correct punctuation to help keep your paragraphs straight and unbroken.You should also be careful when using the Kimchi Olson essay samples because some of them have spelling mistakes. The best way to deal with such a situation is to edit it and to try again, however it is important that you remember to check your work at all times to make sure that you have not made any mistakes. It is also possible that you might need to read a few more of thes e examples before you are ready to write your own.For these reasons, it is always best to use the official medical school essay samples when you are doing your essay. You can find the official samples here. All you need to do is take the time to look over the samples, compare them with examples you find online and check for spelling errors before you begin writing your essay.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Code Of Ethics Is Absolutely Essential For Every Education...
Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics is absolutely essential for every education major to have a strong understanding of. This code presents the main rules and regulations that apply to future teachers to ensure the best behavior and actions possible, inside and outside of the classroom. It is a clear guide of unethical activities that teachers may never indulge in without risking suspension, revocation, denial, or reprimand of any teaching certificate. The code is broken down into eleven different standards which are easy for educators to understand and abide by. The first code is labeled Standard 1: Legal Compliance. This code states that an educator must abide by state, federal, and local laws and includes but is not limited to theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They also cannot furnish tobacco, alcohol, or drugs to any student and must prevent usage of these substances while students are on school property. It is completely inappropriate to commit any of these crimes and if someone who is an education major has considered any of these acts, he or she may need to consider a different career path because it is our job to protect children, not endanger them. Standard three is labeled Alcohol or Drugs. This standard is about teachers refraining from using alcohol or drugs during the courses of professional activity. This includes activities that are outside of the classroom, such as football games, school concerts, and parent nights. Teachers cannot indulge in anything that could intoxicate them if they know that they are going to have to be on school property. They also cannot possess alcohol anywhere on school property, including their vehicles. The most preventative way to refrain from violating this code is for teachers to omit the use of alcohol and drugs from their lives completely and turn to healthier outlets to relieve stress, such as exercise or meditation. Standard four talks about honesty. This code states that all educators must exemplify honesty and integrity during the course of professional practice. Teachers must be honest at
Friday, May 15, 2020
Native Americans and Their Intrinsic Relationship with...
Dances With Wolves, directed by Kevin Costner, and The Searchers, directed by John Ford, looks into the fabric of this countrys past. The media has created a false image of the relationship between Native Americans and White men to suppress the cruel and unfortunate reality. Both directors wanted to contradict these stereotypes, but due to the time period the films were created, only one film was successful. Unlike The Searchers, Dancing With Wolves presents a truly realistic representation of Native Americans. Both Dances With Wolves and The Searchers protagonists, Dunbar and Ethan, embark on a journey and evolve in different ways. The purpose of Dunbarââ¬â¢s journey is to find who he is. For Ethan, it is to rescue his nieces who he feelsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In this depiction, the Native Americans lure the men away from their homes, savagely kill their families, and commit wrong. It is the white men who have to painstakingly hunt down the Indians to reinstate justice, righting the wrongs that have been done. Native Americans are depicted as a demonizing form of the other, a force to which fear and repression can be the only responses. Costners work almost inverts this. Both films critique White racism and violence. Dunbar is guilty of the Whites and realizes that they are involved in a system where the Native culture, habitats, and populations are being destroyed. To purge his overwhelming sense of guilt, he switches sides and fights against his old comrades. White society is the demon while the Native Americans are apotheosized. In The Searchers, Ford presented Ethan not as the hero but almost as a subtle villain, a racist that embarks on a fixated and zealous mission that is fuelled by his hatred of Native Americans. Ford uses Ethan to depict the wrong actions of Whites. Kevin Costner and John Ford both use the Natives language in their films. The big difference is the effort of the directors. Costner uses sub-titles and actual Native language unlike Ford. Ford does not use the proper language for the Comanche. In beginning of Dances With Wolves, there is not as much dialogue between Dunbar and Natives, but the body language is significant along with other forms of symbolic communication used to make the storyShow MoreRelatedRepresentations of Native Americans in Disney Productions from Peter Pan to Pocahontas2838 Words à |à 12 PagesHistorically the treatment of Native Americans has been highly problematic, especially throughout the colonization of the New World. Although, when colonising some Europeans took a merciful and sympathetic approach to the Native Americans, generally the treatment towards the indigenous people was not humane. Not only did the Native Americans die at the hand of the settlers, they also died from diseases that had been b rought to the new world by explorers for which they had no immunity. In some casesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Saving Face, Hwei Lan Gao Or Ma 1662 Words à |à 7 Pagesacculturated, non-English speaking, traditionalist Chinese Americans may conform fully and solidly to customary Chinese beliefs, norms, and values that could affect how they articulate their concerns and thoughts and the way they seek counseling services. In the film Saving Face, Hwei-Lan Gao or ââ¬ËMaââ¬â¢ is the 48-year-old mother of a young surgeon, Wilhelmina ââ¬ËWilââ¬â¢ Pang. ââ¬ËMaââ¬â¢ is a traditional Chinese who does not speak English and ineptly acculturated to American culture. Her daughter Wil, on the other hand, isRead MoreCase Analysis : High Stakes2109 Words à |à 9 Pageswhich has no consideration for wealth, thus wealth cannot be a factor in water distribution and equity. An intense contrast between the artificial green of the well-kept golf course and the surrounding arid Mojave Desert are representative of the relationship between the regions with ample access to water by economic means and those who are unable to obtain water in an equitable and ethical way, and thus are being denied one of the most basic humans rights: life. In many areas of the world, access toRead MoreSituation of English Language Teaching3790 Words à |à 16 PagesEnglish Language Teaching Situation in Pakistan Analysis) ââ¬Å"â⬠¦a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabiaâ⬠(Attitude Motivation Macaulay 1935 Ms. Mehwish Haider 1 English Language Teaching Situation in Pakistan Table of Contents Introduction â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...3 Definition of Second language â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...â⬠¦.4 Definition of foreign Language â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦4 Different needs toRead MoreMedia Studies; Policy Management and Media Representation6544 Words à |à 27 Pages 12 2.4.9 Return to repressive thinking 13 2.4.10 Challenges and goals of media policy and representation 13 2. MEDIA MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA MARKETS 14 3.4 Media concentration 14 3.5.11 the relationship of competition to concentration 14 3.5.12 the dual nature of the media industry 15 3.5.13 The dangers of concentration 15 3.5.14 Positive externalities of the media 15 3.5 The composition of theRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words à |à 70 Pagesliterature. Hence the post colonial literature in India witnessed a revolution against the idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel therefore stands as the tale of Changing tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories wereRead MoreThe Sony Corporation a Case Study in Transnationa Media Management9950 Words à |à 40 PagesThe Sony Corporation: A Case Study in Transnational Media Management by Richard A. Gershon, Western Michigan University, U.S.A. and Tsutomu Kanayama, Sophia University, Japan The transnational corporation is a nationally based company with overseas operations in two or more countries. What distinguishes the transnational media corporation (TNMC) from other types of TNCs, is that the principle product being sold is information and entertainment. The following paper is a case study analysis of theRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words à |à 316 PagesFILM LANGUAGE FILM LANGUAGE A Semiotics of the Cinema Christian Metz Translated by Michael Taylor The University of Chicago Press Published by arrangement with Oxford University Press, Inc. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 à © 1974 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. English translation. Originally published 1974 Note on Translation à © 1991 by the University of Chicago University of Chicago Press edition 1991 Printed in the United States of America 09 08 07 6Read MoreLanguage Attitudes8272 Words à |à 34 Pageslikes or dislikes, with or against. Finally, the behavioral component refers to ones consisting actions or behavioral intentions towards the object (ibid). Attitudes are a component of motivation. Deci and Ryan (1985) identify motivation as intrinsic or extrinsic. Students are intrinsically motivated when they are interested in learning tasks and outcomes for their own sake, and that result in the internal feelings of self-discrimination and competence. On the other hand, students are extrinsicallyRead MoreSamsung Case Study6174 Words à |à 25 Pages2 | 4 | Employees with strong problem solving skills | 0.1 | 4 | 0.4 | 5 | Strong investment in employees, thru effective human resource development | 0.15 | 3 | 0.45 | No | Weaknesses | Weight | Rating | Weighted Score | 1 | Digital natives (younger generation) do what they want to do, and not what the company wants them to do | 0.1 | 3 | 0.3 | 2 | Samsung replaced group based reward, with reward system based on individual performance. Not aligned with South Korean culture of being
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Animal Testing (Speech Outline) - 1200 Words
bSpecific Purpose/b Ãâ" To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. br brbCentral Idea/b Ãâ" By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. br brbIntroduction/b brI. Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. brA. What was once cute and furry but becomes a bloody rotted mess? brB. You guys give up? brC. Well the answer to this question is an animal that has undergone chemical testing. brII. I know that wasnt too funny but I needed some sort of attention-grabber and this hit home on the question of myâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦One of the ways animals are now protected is through laws and organizations. br1. One such important law that was signed in 1966 was the Animal Welfare Act that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. bra. In brief, certain animals could only be used in laboratories. brb. Also, records were to be kept on number of animals and details on the animal experimentation. br2. There are also such organizations as the National Institute of Health, The American Anti-Vivisection Society, as well as the The Humane Society of the United States to name a few. br3. One other animals rights organization, the Alternatives Research Development Foundation, has made it on the news recently with a winning lawsuit against the United States Agriculture Department. bra. With this won lawsuit, the USDA is required to expand Animal Welfare Acts to not only include chimpanzees, cats and guinea pigs, but to also include rats, mice, and birds. brb. Researchers estimate that biomedical laboratories will be required to pay from 80 to 90 million dollars for scientific research. brc. Director of the department, John McArdle, even estimated that there are around 23 million rodents used for research in medical schools, pharmaceutical companies and other laboratories. brd. According to this won lawsuit for the Alternatives Research DevelopmentShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Speech Outline965 Words à |à 4 PagesAnimal Testing Introduction Attention-getter: Visualize yourself somewhere locked and isolated, whether it is a closet, a cage, or a box. Now visualize yourself being constantly controlled, not being able to choose when to eat, when to drink, or even when to sleep. Thesis: Animal testing is a heavy topic that usually goes unnoticed. To many scientists, animal testing is beneficial and to society it is morally wrong. Credibility: After doing our extensive research, we are knowledgeable about animalRead More Animal Testing (speech Outline) Essay989 Words à |à 4 Pages Specific Purpose ââ¬â To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. Central Idea ââ¬â By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. Introduction I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What was once cute and furry but becomes aRead MoreAnimal Testing. Persuasive Speech Outline Essay1237 Words à |à 5 PagesZoee Gaige-Wilson Persuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction Animals can be ferocious and wild, but they can also be gentle and tame. Some are our pets, and some are powerful forces that are to be respected and admired. It is as easy to appreciate a loyal dog as it is to be in awe of a lion in its natural habitat. But the truth that many people either donââ¬â¢t know or donââ¬â¢t appreciate is that animals are essential to human existence and have played a vital role in improving the quality of ourRead MoreWe Like It1884 Words à |à 8 Pagespersuasive speech will be on the topic of Animal Testing. Animal testing is the testing and experimentation of products on animals to test the safety levels and reactions. I chose to select this topic, because it really bothers me that animal testing is still allowed today. I have pets, and all my friends have pets and its just something I could never imagine them going through. I will need to find information concerning the laws on animal testing, the different types of animal testing used,R ead MoreInformative Speech On Pitbulls1055 Words à |à 5 PagesDyana Churchill Communications 103 Informative Speech Outline 11 October 2017 Pit Bulls - How We Can Help Protect Them General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about that pit bulls are not always dangerous and how they can be such a great companion. Introduction (Attention Gainer :) What is the first word that comes to mind when you think of pit bull? According to Cesar Millan, ââ¬Å"A bread is like a suit of clothes, it doesnt tell you anything about the dog inside.â⬠CesarRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Inhumane And Should Be Banned Essay1813 Words à |à 8 PagesKeep the Lipstick off your Dog Persuasive Speech Outline General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: to persuade my audience that animal testing is inhumane and should be banned. Thesis: It is not ethical to use animals for testing purposes. Animal testing, especially for cosmetic and consumer good purposes should be banned. Those companies that continue to use animal testing should be charged with animal neglect and cruelty. Animals live and have emotions just as human and deserve the rightRead MorePeter Singer: Sentience vs Self-Conciousness Essay1816 Words à |à 8 Pagesââ¬Å"Explain Singers distinction between sentience and self-consciousness, and what the distinction implies for the moral status of animals. Do you believe non-human animals have the same or a different moral status to human animals? Explain the basis of your answer.â⬠More than three decades ago Peter Singer heralded the need for a new kind of liberation movement, one calling for a radical expansion of the human moral canvas and more importantly, a rejection of the horrors human beings have inflictedRead MoreReview of Conrad Kottaks Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity2863 Words à |à 11 Pagescareful to outline the field of anthropology in as broadly useful and neutral manner as possible for American students. The book is truly global in its context, and it is careful to avoid any of anthropologys past failings relating to Eurocentric bias by including all countries within the scope of anthropology. Though not a critical instructional component for beginning students, Professor Kottak makes it clear in the appendix that the textbooks definitions, structure, and outline are distinctiveRead MoreUse of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Psychological Studies2908 Words à |à 12 Pagesbrain structures. You then observe what happens to the animal before and after the lesioning. There are several ways to lesion. Electrolytic: Observe the animal for the particular behaviour of interest. Insert an insulated needle into the placement point. The needle is insulated except at the tip. Apply current and burn the tissue, which ultimately dies. Observe the animal for changes in behaviour. Advantages: Itââ¬â¢s a goodRead MoreBreed Specific Legislation Persuasive Speech Outline2237 Words à |à 9 PagesTroy Gladney Persuasive Speech Outline Comm 110 I. Introduction A. Attention getter: A lot of times Breed Specific laws ban pit bulls and even require that a pit bull be put down. In this game, you are giving a death sentence to one dog. Will you choose the right one? [Can you find the pit bull on line game] B. Relation to audience: By a show of hands, how many of you have a pet you consider to be part of your family? Think about how you would feel if a law banned the breed of
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Smartphone Forensics Analysis-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment
Questions: 1.There is a series of process involved when a switched-on GSM mobile system is getting a channel from its carrier service provider. Please explain the processes. 2.Please explain the investigative values of the identifiers of handset and SIM card. 3.Please explain how the Exponential Back off Algorithm operates. Answers: 1.The channel or the control channel provided by the service provider for a switched on GSM mobile system is of a special frequency that is used to build a link between the mobile system and the base station. There are number of processes associated with this phenomenon. In case the GSM finds it problematic to establish a link with the control channel, it shows an error message. Each carrier frequency associated with the GSM mobile system is segregated in time by making use of the TDMA scheme, the primary unit of which is called burst period. Eight burst periods are generally grouped together, which form the primary units of logical channels. However, one physical channel is a single burst period in one TDMA frame. The position and associated number of the corresponding burst period define the channels obtained from the carrier, and each pattern of burst period is repeated in every two three hours. The control channels are responsible for housekeeping tasks and decide which frequency to use during a call. In order to ensure the handover works, the broadcast control channel upto 16 neighboring cells is monitored by the switched-on GSM. The phone continuously adjusts the radio waves, to receive a clear signal coming from the base station; as the phone is taken far from the base station, the signal strength weakens. In this case, the network consults and enforces a handover to the corresponding neighboring cell or channel, which has considerably good signal (Bechet and Miclaus 2012) 2.Identifiers of handsets: International Mobile Equipment Identity or IMEI number is an unique number associated with every handsets, which is used by an associated GSM network in identifying the identity of valid mobile devices. This number or ID is unique and hence can be used to track a stolen or lost phone. IMEI number tracks the mobile phone by the transmission of the mobile subscriber identity number, which is a unique ID of a SIM card. IMEI number has considerably helped in reducing the number of mobile thefts across the globe (Kumar, Kaur and Gndu 2015). This number is associated with every GSM, WCDMA mobile phones and few satellite phones as well. The other identifiers of handsets are Android ID, UDUD, IDFA, and IDFV. However, IMEI is mostly used as a unique identifier for handsets across the globe. Identifiers of SIM card: An integrated circuit card identifier or ICCID number internationally identifies every SIM. The ICCID number is generally defined by the ITU-T recommendation. The ICCID has different parts, such as IIN or Issuer Identification Number, which is of maximum seven digits, Individual account Identification of variable length and check digit. The format followed in generation of an ICCID number is MMCC IINN NNNN NNNN NN C x. Where, MM is a constant, CC denotes the country code of the SIM, II is the Issuer Identifier N{12} corresponds to account ID or the SIM card number. C is the calculated checksum from other digits by application of Luhn algorithm and finally the x is an extra 20th digit that is obtained as a return of AT!ICCID command. Apart from the ICCID, the SIM also contains an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number (Al-Hadadi and AlShidhani 2013). 3.Exponential Backoff algorithm makes use of feedback to decrease the process rate multiplicatively, with an aim of finding an acceptable rate. This algorithm is used to space out the repeated transmission of same data in order to avoid collision. It has an increasing usage in CSMA/CD as a collision resolution mechanism in random access networks. In case a collision is detected in transmission of a data, the node immediately stops the transmission of data. Exponential Back off algorithm works by sensing the medium when a frame is to be send through the medium. The medium or the channel is continuously monitored for collision and if there is a possibility of a collision, the transmission is aborted with a short jam signal. After a collision, the time frame is segregated into defined slots, with a length same as the worst-case roundtrip propagation time. In order to accommodate the longest path of the Ethernet, the slot time set is 512-bit times. Therefore, after occurrence of first co llision, the channel waits either 0 or 1 time slots at a random before trying again. This set is termed as contention window. In case, the sources collide even after that, the size of the contention window is doubled, which then becomes {0,1,2,3}. The sources of second or subsequent collision then pick an integer randomly from this sets and waits for that time before retransmission to avoid collision. Figure 1: Representing collision avoidance using Exponential Backoff Algorithm (Source: Al?Hubaishi et al. 2014 References Al-Hadadi, M. and AlShidhani, A., 2013. Smartphone forensics analysis: A case study.International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering,5(6), p.576. Al?Hubaishi, M., Alahdal, T., Alsaqour, R., Berqia, A., Abdelhaq, M. and Alsaqour, O., 2014. Enhanced binary exponential backoff algorithm for fair channel access in the IEEE 802.11 medium access control protocol.International journal of communication systems,27(12), pp.4166-4184. Bechet, P. and Miclaus, S., 2012. An improved procedure to accurately assess the variability of the exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by GSM base station antennas.Measurement Science and Technology,24(1), p.015003. Kumar, K., Kaur, P. and GNDU, A., 2015. Vulnerability detection of international mobile equipment identity number of smartphone and automated reporting of changed IMEI number.International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing,4(5), pp.527-5
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