W.B Yeats Great War Poets Symbolism Essay Example

W.B Yeats Great War Poets Symbolism Essay Discuss the use of symbols and correspondences in the set writers on the module. William Butler Yeats was considered to be one of the most important symbolists of the 20th Century. Believed to have been influenced by the French symbolist movement of the 19th Century, his poems incorporated symbols as a means of representing mystical, dream-like and abstract ideals. This was especially prevalent towards the latter part of his life when, inspired by his wife Georgiana Hyde-Lees, he developed a symbolic system which theorized movements through major cycles of history in his book A Vision (1925, 1937)[1]. The Wild Swans at Coole† and â€Å"The Second Coming† are poems of Yeats’ which incorporate symbols, and will be discussed in this essay. In A Vision, Yeats speaks of â€Å"gyres† as his term for a spiralling motion in the shape of a cone. These gyres are important symbols in Yeats’ poetry, and especially in â€Å"The Second Coming†, being mentio ned in the very first line (â€Å"turning and turning in the widening gyre†[2]). The gyres function as a symbol alluding to something which could be subjective to the reader. It could be prophetically interpreted to mean that mankind and life itself is spiralling into self-destruction. This idea is reflected in the first few lines of the poem: â€Å"The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world†[3] The symbol of the gyre is being continued through the image of the falcon, as it spirals above the falconer, getting further and further from the centre until eventually the falcon cannot hear the calls of its master. The phrase â€Å"Things fall apart† could easily be interpreted as referring to the destruction of the physical world itself, and the use of the verb â€Å"loosed† is effective as it personifies the â€Å"anarchy†, conjuring up the image of a monster or a beast which is to be unleashed upon the unsuspecting world. The phrase â€Å"the centre cannot hold† is reflective of the chaos at the centre of the gyre and the harsh â€Å"c† sounds stresses the unstableness of everything. In the context of modernity, the gyres could be interpreted as symbolic of the end of an historical era and the transfer of ideals from one era to the next. We will write a custom essay sample on W.B Yeats Great War Poets Symbolism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on W.B Yeats Great War Poets Symbolism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on W.B Yeats Great War Poets Symbolism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In A Vision, Yeats spoke of the gyres as symbolising the movement through major cycles of history, and the next revelation being â€Å"‘represented by the coming of one gyre to its place of greatest expansion and of the other to that of its greatest contraction’, beginning the next cycle with a violent reversal. This idea is enforced in the lines: â€Å"Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. †[4] The call for a revelation in the poem is in vain, as it immediately conjures up an image not of a saviour, but of the beast which Yeats makes sure is powerfully envisioned. Continuing with this line of thought, it could be argued that Yeats sees the transfer of ideals through the gyres as one that will change the beauty of the world for the worse. If the gyre which is at its moment of greatest expansion is symbolic of classicism and true forms of art and culture, the other represents the opposite ideals of the not too distant future which Yeats visualises society travelling towards. This future is one which Yeats has lost faith in, one in which the â€Å"best lack all conviction†[5], and â€Å"passionate intensity† causes widespread chaos. The beast which is conjured from â€Å"Spiritus Mundi†[6] with the â€Å"shape with lion body and the head of a man†[7] could be interpreted as being symbolic of the second coming of Christ, as it is prophesised Christ will return upon the coming of the Beast of the Apocalypse. This interpretation is supported through the biblical allusions throughout the poem, and is emphasised by the language Yeats uses. The â€Å"blood-dimmed tide†[8] which has drowned innocence could allude to the flood which forced Noah to build an ark, however does so in a way which puts the reader in the perspective of someone (or something) which did not get on to the ark. The phrase â€Å"Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world† is symbolic of Satan ruling on Earth before Christ’s return, and the verb â€Å"loosed† alludes to the unleashing of the sphinx later in the poem, and thus the Second Coming. The sphinx is spotted â€Å"somewhere in the sands of the desert†[9]. The desert is symbolic of the temptation of Christ during his forty days and forty nights fasting by the devil. Therefore the sphinx can be associated with the devil in heralding the second coming of Christ. The city of Bethlehem mentioned in the last line of the poem is symbolic of the entering into the world of powerful and Godly forces, Christ being one of purity. However, the â€Å"rough beast†[10] which moves its â€Å"slow thighs†[11] and â€Å"slouches† towards Bethlehem to bring a reign of terror as its â€Å"hour come round at last† symbolises anything but purity. Symbolism is also a strong element in Yeats’ poem â€Å"Wild Swans at Coole†. This is most obviously seen through the actual swans in the poem. In the poem, it has been nineteen years (â€Å"the nineteenth autumn has come upon me†[12]) since Yeats has visited the park and seen the swans. He admits that his â€Å"heart is sore†[13] upon seeing the â€Å"brilliant creatures†[14], alluding to the fact that time has passed by, and he has changed, whereas these â€Å"mysterious†[15] swans have not. Their â€Å"hearts have not grown old†[16], and they still â€Å"paddle† beside each other, â€Å"lover by lover†, doing what they please, transcending time itself to swim down the â€Å"companionable streams or climb the air†. [17] These swans symbolise something which humans cling to, the need to hold onto something which is unaltered by man’s biggest foe; time. They symbolise man’s want to have left something on this earth which will be eternal, leaving a piece of them behind to remain with the people, the places, the life they held so dear because they could not continue on their â€Å"conquest†[18]. The fear of losing this is evident in the last two lines of the poem (â€Å"I awake some day/ To find they have flown away? †[19]). Through this rhetorical question Yeats conveys the helplessness and sadness of those who have had the thing which they cling to disappear. The season which is the setting for the poem is symbolic in itself. The season of autumn is when the most change occurs throughout the year. The time of day is shorter, the wind is colder, and the leaves fall off the trees, all symbolising the inevitability of time passing, things changing, and the end of their life drawing closer. Through the swans and the setting, Yeats has perfectly symbolised the passage of time and the changes which come with it. Not only this but it shows that some things can transcend time, however ultimately the things which make us feel whole eventually will have to be let go of. The use of symbols is also very evident in the poetry of Thomas Stearns Eliot, who, like Yeats, was influenced by the French symbolists. This influence can especially be seen in his poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, which borrows from the sensuous language and anti-aesthetic detail of the symbolists[20], however due to constraints on the word limit, only a few of the symbols in Eliot’s poem will be discussed. The epigraph at the start of the poem is symbolically very important as it sets up the overall tone and feeling of the character of Alfred Prufrock. Translated from the original Italian, the lines spoken by the character of Count Guido da Montefelltro in Dante’s â€Å"Inferno† mean: If I thought that my reply would be to one who would ever return to the world, this flame would stay without further movement; but since none has ever returned alive from this depth, if what I hear is true, I answer you without fear of infamy†[21] Dante meets the punished Count, who explains that the only reason he is speaking truly of the shame of his evil life is because he believes t hat Dante will never escape the circles of hell to report it to the world above. The reference to Dante’s â€Å"Inferno† could be taken literally to symbolise a hell-on-earth which the character of Prufrock must, like those condemned in hell, suffer endlessly. It could also be taken to symbolise an urban landscape which suffocates Prufrock with its â€Å"yellow fog†[22]. Much more likely, however, is that Eliot intended the epigraph to symbolise the feelings of the character of Prufrock. Like Guido, Prufrock does not intend for his love song to be revealed, however it is ironic that although Prufrock does not think his love song will be read by anyone else, he still cannot speak of the love he feels for the woman. The â€Å"yellow fog† mentioned above is also used as a symbol by Eliot. This is emphasised by the personification of the fog, as it: â€Å"[†¦]rubs its back upon the window-panes, †¦]rubs its muzzle on the window-panes Licked its tongue[†¦]†[23] Through Eliot’s use of language, the fog is personified, and therefore feels all the more present in the poem. The yellow fog may symbolise the fear of Prufrock himself, the fear of being unable to confront a woman that he desires. Through the d escription of the fog, Eliot provides the readers with a powerful image of Prufrock’s fears infiltrating the room, and in successfully doing so; it has also infiltrated and occupies his mind. Isaac Rosenberg was an English war poet who was most famously known for his â€Å"Poems from the Trenches†. In his poems, Rosenberg conveys the harsh realities of World War I brilliantly, making use of his strong poetic mind. In his poem â€Å"Break of Day in the Trenches†, Rosenberg makes use of symbols not only to convey the appalling conditions in the trenches, but also to comment on the feelings which were experienced by both sides during the war. The most significant symbol in the poem is the â€Å"sardonic rat†[24]. The fact that the rat is given a personality (being referred to as â€Å"droll†[25] as well as sardonic) makes it all the more humane, ironically switching the roles between the rat and the soldiers, who blindly kill because they are ordered to. Not only this, but the rat is symbolic of the sunken position of human life. This is seen in the lines: â€Å"It seems you inwardly grin as you pass Strong eyes, fine limbs, haughty athletes, Less chanced than you for life†[26] Because of the war, human life has been transformed into something which is so easily disposed of that a rat is better adapted to survive. Above all this, the most important connection which the rat symbolises is that of experience. The rat symbolises something which has broken down the barriers between allies and enemies (â€Å"Now you have touched this English hand/You will o the same to a German†[27]), and is therefore able to see the truth. This truth is that all soldiers, be they enemy or foe, experience the same feelings. They experience the fear of the trenches, the sorrow of loss, the longing to be home, and the temporary joy of knowing they survived another day. The image of the hand gives more emphasis to the symbol of the rat, as it pr ovides a physical link between the soldiers, and in doing so, allows the reader to come to the realisation that in the trenches across the â€Å"sleeping green†[28] there are other people with personalities and families of their own. Not faceless, meticulous killing machines, but people. In â€Å"Break of Day in the Trenches†, Rosenberg uses the poppy as a symbol of not only death, but of the innocence of life and the young. The soldier picks out the poppy from the parapet, as Rosenberg writes: â€Å"Poppies whose roots are in man’s veins Drop, and are ever dropping; But mine in my ear is safe- Just a little white with the dust. †[29] Just as the poppies are rooted into the earth, and are therefore its children, so too are the children who are at war rooted in their parent’s veins. Therefore, the poppy being plucked from the parapet is symbolic of the children being plucked from their parents and family. Because the poppy has been plucked from the earth, it will inevitably die, which is ironic as the soldier claims that in his ear the poppy is â€Å"safe†. Similarly, the young soldiers who have been watched as they have grown up by their parents and family are plucked from their â€Å"roots†, and in the same tragic sense of irony, the families of these soldiers believe that they are safe and will return one day. This is of course an ignorant belief, as many of the people back home did not understand how brutal the war actually was. The plucking of the unaware poppy could also symbolise the exploitation of the oblivious and naive youths. Society has taken the innocent youths, and fooled them into believing they are committing crimes against their fellow man in the name of their flag and country. It is of course the desire for power of the corrupt generation which leads the innocent youths blindly towards their death. Yeats, Eliot, and Rosenberg are three poets who are undoubtedly varied in the way in which they approach the writing of their poems. However, it is one of the most fundamental elements of poetry which links the three, and that is the prevalent use of symbols in their poetry. Yeats, making use of symbols to evoke a sense of change over time and something prophetically apocalyptic; Eliot conveying his inability to confront the object of his desire; and finally Rosenberg, who, through his use of symbols, made his audience aware of how unnecessary the bloodshed of World War I was.of Day in the Trenches†, l. 23-26

5 Non-Fiction Writing Tips for Authors - Writing Tips with Proofed

5 Non-Fiction Writing Tips for Authors - Writing Tips with Proofed 5 Non-Fiction Writing Tips for Authors It’s a little ambitious to talk about â€Å"non-fiction writing† in general. After all, â€Å"non-fiction† technically covers everything from school textbooks to deeply personal memoirs. But we’ve come up with a few tips that we think can help anyone who wants to become a non-fiction author. 1. Read, Read, Read! As with any kind of writing, the first step to becoming an author is to become a voracious reader. Heres a few books to get you started. Think about your favorite non-fiction books and what makes them great. Dip into some of the classic non-fiction works to expand your horizons. Find out what you enjoy reading, then use that as a starting point to develop your own authorial voice. 2. Types of Non-Fiction There are many different types of non-fiction. Some major varieties include: Academic textbooks Biographies and memoirs Manuals and technical guides Travelogues Recipe books Self-help guides Popular history and science books This isn’t a complete list by any means! If you want to write a dictionary, for example, you can do that too. The point is that, once you know the type of non-fiction you want to write, you should check out how other books in the same genre are written so you know what you’re up against! 3. Pick a Topic and Do Your Research Eventually, you’ll have to pick something you want to write about. Ideally, this will be something that you already know or care passionately about. This will make it easier once the hard work of doing research begins (e.g., reading existing books, searching news archives, interviewing people). But maybe you’ve always known that you want to write a book about toasters. And maybe you’re already an expert on heating bread. That’s a great start! But you still need to check your information and organize your research so you know what to include in your book. A basic model. Uneven browning. 4 out of 10. 4. Getting Creative? Non-fiction doesn’t have to be dry in order to be factual. In fact, some of the best non-fiction is exciting and emotive, making the reader feel like they are part of the action! The key to this is sticking to the facts, but also using a literary style to engage your reader. And you can apply creative non-fiction techniques to any genre, so if you want to style yourself as the Hunter S. Thompson of vegan recipe books, go for it! 5. Keep It Simple Unless you’re writing for a specialist audience, try to keep your language easy to understand. You might be an expert on your chosen topic, but the average reader won’t be. Think about who you’re writing for before you begin. And don’t be afraid to ask for feedback from non-experts while you’re working. It will make sure you get your ideas across effectively!

Conferance Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Conferance Paper - Essay Example Creative problem solving is a core component in finding solutions to the vast wastes by human growth and development that are compatible with the environment. Half of the current world population lives in urban centres and the rapid urbanisation has been a major challenge to scientists on how to maintain this population’s health without affecting the environment (Morrison & Rauch 2007). In a forum for research on the management and the effect that transportation has on the environment, some of the issues addressed included the traffic management, treatment, sustainable transport strategies, and increase on vehicle emissions, reduced air quality, and the quality of water (Morrison & Rauch 2007). 1. Introduction Environmental engineering is defined as the consolidation of engineering and science principles to better the natural environment with the aim of decontaminating polluted sites, and providing a comfortable habitation by all live organisms with clean healthy air, water an d land. It is a vast field with many obligations in the society. It is concerned with finding solutions for public health cases, implementing law, promoting sufficient sanitation in rural, urban and recreational centres, management of waste water, control of air pollution, proper disposal of wastes, recycling of materials and protection from radiation, industrial hygiene, and sustainability of the environment among other fields of application. Aside from this, environmental engineering is involved with public health issues and involves the understanding of environmental engineering law as well as the effect that proposed construction projects have on the environment. In the past, environmental engineering was considered a branch of civil engineering and was called sanitary engineering, but it has spawned from a component based on the development of processes and structures that addressed pollution and waste into a multi-disciplinary science that strikes a balance between different n eeds. Creative ways of solving problems are employed in the everyday activities of reducing the amount of waste and pollution in the environment without affecting the environment. For example, the creation of fish ladders in dams that allows fish such as salmon to migrate upstream for breeding purposes whose route is blocked by a human-made barrier such as a dam. As an environmental engineer, there is a task and an obligation to study the impact that advances in technology have on the environment by conducting studies on the management of hazardous waste material. These studies are aimed at determining the implications of these hazards, to give advice to relevant bodies on treatment and containment of the hazard and to develop rules to ensure safety of the public. Environment engineers are responsible for the design of municipal water supply and the system management of waste water in industries. Environment issues at both local and international levels such as global warming, the e ffects of acid rain, ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from industrial sources and automobile exhausts (Beychok 2005). Environment engineers work with various environment protection agencies around the world that serve to protect and better the quality of water, air and the environment as a whole in order to prevent or reduce the effects of hazardous wastes on the

Compare two separate popular weight loss plans Research Paper

Compare two separate popular weight loss plans - Research Paper Example The weakness of the SlimFast program is that it does not induce a long-term behavioral change in the individual. The SlimFast program only replaces a couple of meals and snacks by powered drink mixes and pre-packaged bars. Another weakness of the SlimFast weight-loss program is that the individual does not find the powdered drink mixes tasty enough to stick to for a long time, though it provides the individual with a good alternative to a milk shake in terms of reduced intake of fats and calories. A potential drawback of the SlimFast weight-loss program is that it does not provide the individual with any social support. The Fit or Fat weight-loss program is very popular among people. Millions of copies of the series of eight books written by Covert Bailey have been sold since their publishing (Tate, 2008). The Fit or Fat weight-loss program encourages the individual to lose weight through increased exercise. The plus points of the Fit or Fat weight-loss program are that not only is it safe to undertake, but is also very inexpensive as it does not rely on special diets to cause a reduction of weight in the individual. The Fit or Fat weight-loss program resembles the SlimFast weight-loss program in that it offers no social support to the individual. People attempting to reduce the weight through the Fit or Fat weight-loss program are encouraged to undertake such exercises as weight lifting, aerobic exercises, and cross training. Their food is rich in vitamins and low in the sodium content and fat. The Fit or Fat weight-loss program is better as compared to the SlimFast weight-loss program in that it relies on natural techniques to cause weight loss in the individual rather than prescribing them expensive diets. Exercise is a necessary part of a healthy lifestyle, which provides an individual with a whole range of benefits in addition to causing loss of weight. Such benefits include but are not limited to reduction of the risk of

Business Ethics & Professinal Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Ethics & Professinal Ethics - Essay Example This is a broad core value, but becomes a necessity as a law enforcement officer. As a law enforcement officer or FBI agent, I would be investigating homicides, kidnappings, white collar crimes, and various other offenses. I must be prepared to investigate with the same amount of vigor every case I am assigned. For example, if I arrest an African American, white, Arab, or anyone else, I must treat them the same. If I was investigating the kidnapping of the President’s daughter or a homeless man’s daughter, I must put the same amount of effort in to the investigation. Profiles are used to track criminals, especially in the FBI. However, I must not racial profile, only criminal profile. All American citizens or individuals living in America deserve justice. A cop must follow certain rules to achieve justice for all. It is important to understand that justice sometimes cannot be achieved for all, but the goal is to try to achieve justice for all. In order to do this a few rules must be followed. One example is a suspect’s Miranda Rights. These are rights to remain silent, request a lawyer, or have a lawyer appointed to the suspect. If these Rights are not read, justice cannot be achieved for the suspect or the victim. Innocent suspects can be railroaded or guilty ones can go free, if a cop does not follow the rule of reading the Miranda Rights. Another rule to follow, that some police officers do not observe but should, is the keeping of the laws they enforce. Humans, even police officers, are not perfect. A speeding ticket should not strip a police officer from their post, but more serious offences should. For example, DUI’s, bounced checks, and definitely felonies should cause a police officer’s dismissal. An officer’s integrity would be in question if they commit a crime. They would no longer be able to search for justice, because justice needs to be enforced by those that obey the law. Finally, the last rule

Benefits And Challenges Of Department Stores

Benefits And Challenges Of Department Stores Department stores represent a large retail organization which offers to consumers a large choice of goods and services. Consumers have the opportunity to compare price, quality, and service at different stores at the same time and in a limited place. So the company can profit from individual benefits other sectors. The strategy of F4U is not only to sell quality goods at a reasonable price , but also to offer a unique service .Its prices are neither as cheap as the lower end department store, nor as expensive as the high-end store. F4U will try to bring the immediate attention of consumer through visual effects like layout, displays and colored posters and will place itself directly in front of the shoppers. The company wants, thereby, to entice different target groups and gain those other brands according to the motto good quality, fashion style, best price. In addition F4U intend to retain its consumer through a bonus program and to collect their personal data to build an aggregate profile of individual consumers to target them with special offers and appropriate advertisements. Benefits and challenges of Department stores: Department stores offer to the customer the direct experience to touch and feel the product and judge its quality as well as the possibility of living the purchase as experience (Steinmann 2011:27) .The customer can try the clothes and take them immediately. Whereby the number of returns can be decreased. The face-to-face contact is crucial for many consumers especially for old people or people who dislike shopping online. Another advantage is the longer opening hours compared to specialty retail stores especially on Friday and Saturday. Department stores have also many disadvantages such as the existing of a concrete and inflexible location. Consequently, the location is a crucial factor for the shopping place. In this context, many consumers opine that, the fixed opening hours and parking fees are unfavorable. In addition, the time exposure, due to the travelling time, could be also a problem for some consumers (Heinemann 2008:19) Furthermore, department stores emerge several costs for the company such as lease costs and staff costs. Catalog selling Catalog selling as a channel for F4U Catalog selling is one of the most popular strategies used in Fashion game. The approach involves the creation of a printed catalog with a listing of products for sale. Every product is explicitly described and clearly illustrated with a picture to make the shopping experience as real as possible for the consumer. The catalog contains also a size chart to help consumer choosing the appropriate size. F4U tries, across catalog selling, to expand its clientele and above all to attain consumers, who are not familiar with using the internet or who dislike to walk around the stores for buying clothes. The catalog will comprise different ordering informations. The consumer can choose between ordering by telephone and entering the order at the online site.F4u will also offer its consumers various delivery options .They range from shipment directly to the consumers address, to delivering the goods to a F4u retail store or simply to a Packstation. Benefits and challenges of catalog selling: The catalog shopping approach allows customers to shop comfortable without time pressure .It gives the company the possibility to reach various consumer groups. That may also increase the exposure of retailers to potential clients. The catalog represents essentially the showroom. According to Geller (2002, 148) Response: The Complete Guide to Profitable Direct Marketing if the catalog is the store, the written copy is the salesperson. Instead of waiting for the consumer, the company takes the initiative in presenting its products. Because payment is received in advance, retailers may not need to stock the merchandise and tie up their cash flow. The main disadvantage of catalog order is the difficulty to build trust and customer loyalty. In addition consumer must wait a period of time to get their order. An additional vulnerability is the long lead times. Selling via catalogs could be very expensive because a catalog must be extremely well written and designed to move the shopping desire by consumers. Low response rates and high postal costs may make catalog selling to an unfavorable channel. Electronic commerce Electronic commerce as a channel for F4U Electronic commerce or online shopping is the most effective way to brand your product line or services and to increase your visibility on line. It follows that a properly marketed and visible online business will experience a growth of shoppers and a higher conversion rate (Inci, 2010) .Through a user-friendly and well designed website F4U will become a global presence. The company will also use several tools to raise the visibility of the website and the number of its visitors. This will allow the company to reach new target groups and markets. Like by the catalog selling, the consumer will have to choose between different payment and delivery options. The client can check a product in-store or online, see which stores currently have an item in stock, or verify its availability at a specific store. The Online shop will make it possible for consumers to shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Benefits and challenges of electronic commerce: Electronic commerce combines a variety of benefits. It allows reaching consumers without a geographic limitation. By these means the size of the market will expand from regional area to the national one or peradventure from national to international. In addition the company can always change the listed prices for several or edit the website in just a few clicks. Using the online selling can reduce many costs like logistical problems, the costs of distribution, of processing or of storing informations. By contrast, the company can increase the quality of services. Furthermore e-commerce makes it possible to generate consumer data and to evolve an individualized consumer profile Electronic commerce has many advantages but also disadvantages. According to Rajarman (2010:11) an important disadvantage is that Many persons go shopping for social contacts, touch and feel and bargaining before buying items. E-commerce will de-personalize transactions. . Other persons are afraid of hackers and avoid giving their credit card numbers. Sometimes the item description is not enough for a decision to buy them because many items need to be felt and touched. Rajarman (2010:12) mentions also that online-business expose the catalogues and prices to competitors. The advantage of secrecy of traditional mode of doing business is lost References Heinemann, G., 2008. Multi-Channel-Handel: Erfolgsfaktoren und Best Practices ( Multichannel trade: success factors and best practices ). Berlin: Springer DE. Inci, D., 2010. optimum7. [Online] Available at: http://www.optimum7.com/internet-marketing/ecommerce/internet-marketing-and-online-shopping.html [Accessed 17 November 2012]. Rajarman, V., 2010. Essentials Of E-Commerce Technology. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Steinmann, S., 2011. Kundenkontakte und Kundenkontaktsequenzen im Multi Channel Marketing: Ausprà ¤gungen, Determinanten und Wirkungen ( Customer contacts and customer sequences in Multichannel marketing: developments, determinants and effects ). Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag.

Founder Of Samsung Electronics Commerce Essay

Samsung was named by Lee Byung-chul, laminitis of Samsung Electronics when he established the Samsung Trading Company on March, 1938. Sam in Samsung is defined as strong, abundant and large ; while â€Å" Sung † means high and bright. ( Chnag, J. H. , 2010 ) Interestingly, Samsung ‘s beginning was non affecting electronics. Initially, Chairman Lee set up a trade export company in Korea that sold fish, veggies, and fruit to China. Start from 1958, Samsung began to spread out into other industries such as media, fiscal, ship edifice and chemicals and Samsung Electronics was established under subordinate of Samsung Group in 1969. ( â€Å" Samsung History † ) The company so expanded to semiconductor concern and became the first chip-making installations in the state during that clip. Samsung Electronics focused on four countries which are digital media, semiconducting material, telecommunication web and LCD digital contraptions. ( â€Å" Wikipedia † , 2012 ) In 1993, the â€Å" lightest † nomadic phone of its epoch was developed. ( â€Å" Samsung History † ) Finally, it surpassed Sony to go universe ‘s twentieth-largest and most popular trade name. Samsung was the universe ‘s largest maker of OLEDs with 40 % market portion universes broad and 90 % portion of planetary AMOLED market. More than 600 American patents and 2800 international patent are owned by Samsung Electronics in 2006 that makes it as the largest proprietor of AMOLED engineering patents. The company besides became the second-largest mobile-phone shaper crushing Motorola in 2007 for the first clip. In 2009, it became universe ‘s largest engineering company catching Hewlett-Packard step by gross revenues. In 2010, it produces 30 nm-class DRAMs and 20 nm-class NAND flashes which were the first clip in the universe. At 2011, it is the universe ‘s largest Mobile phone shaper and second-largest semiconducting material bit shaper. Samsung Elec tronics became the largest smartphone seller due to gross revenues of Galaxy SII and Galaxy Note devices. ( â€Å" Wikipedia † , 2012 ) Contentss: Mechanistic organisation is a bureaucratic organisation which adheres to the chain-of-command rule, with each individual controlled and supervised by one higher-up. The construction of this organisation is taller than organic organisation. Besides, many regulations are developed and the determination devising procedure is centralized. Each employee has fixed responsibilities and the communicating channels are formalized in such stiff hierarchal relationship. Samsung Electronics is a type of mechanistic organisational construction because it has stiff hierarchal relationships. Figure 1: ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Figure 2: ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Figure 1 and figure 2 show the concatenation of bid in the company, which widening from upper organisational degrees to take down degree that clarifies who reports to whom. Figure 2 shows that there are tonss of sections under the control of Chief Executive Office. Employees have their fixed responsibilities in several section. For case, employees who are specialized in bring forthing french friess are working under french friess maker whereas employees who are extremely skilled in bring forthing nomadic phones are working under nomadic phone maker. ( Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2012 ) These two figures besides clearly show that Samsung Electronics is composed of tall organisational construction. All of the powerful governments are held by the top direction of the company which is Lee Kun Hee, the president of the Samsung Electronics with the aid of the Office of Secretaries and sometimes referred to as â€Å" emperor direction † or â€Å" absolutism † . ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Office of Secretaries helped president to command and direct the single affiliates. Their chief map are finance and accounting, scrutinizing, planning, public dealingss, and human resource direction, including the hiring and fire of all executives within the organisation. Even the of import strategic determination and ample investing determination have to be examined by the office foremost. The per centum of determination made by the president is 20 % ; by Office of Secretaries is 40 % ; by affiliate presidents is 40 % . ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) In other word, all of the of import determinations are decided by the president, Office of Secretaries and affiliate presidents. As such, Samsung Electronics implement centralized determination authorization. The communicating channel of Samsung Electronics is formalized. Formalization describes how an organisation ‘s occupations are standardized and the extent to which employee behaviour is guided by regulations and processs. This component makes the procedure of sequence modus operandi and regular. Therefore, there will be minimum perturbation to an organisation map if there are people being replaced. In Samsung, the forces map is under CFO while CFO studies to and receives orders from CEO. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) For case, when the company needs to do an investing, the proposal is written by the related concern unit. Then, the proposal is reviewed by the finance section, which is so passed to finance squad of Office of Secretaries after CFO reports the proposal to CEO. Finally, the proposal is approved by Office of Secretaries and Chairman. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Many regulations could be found in Samsung Electronics and this lucifer with the feature of mechanistic organisation. Harmonizing to Samsung Electronics Global Code of Conduct, all the employees should follow the codifications and the concern rules to follow with Torahs and ethical patterns every bit good as to show their committedness to societal duty. ( Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. [ SECL ] , 2006 ) The planetary codification of behavior is served as behavioural guidelines and judgmental criterions for the employees, which encompass the riddance of nationality or gender favoritism, crystalline revelation of concern information, client information protection and spouse coaction. For illustration, harmonizing to principle 2-2-2 from the Global Code of Conduct, the company will guarantee that any proprietary information acquired through its concern activities shall be recorded and safely kept and managed as rational belongings. In 2011, zero-tolerance rule was declared in all instan ces of misconduct and unethical concern on â€Å" Law Day † . All employees and executives have to subscribe a pledge of conformity to hold of taking duty for any misdemeanor or misconduct. ( Soung, S. S. , Eui, H. J. , Dae, S. P. , Jin, Y. L. & A ; Yun, J. S. , 2012 ) Planning: Planing includes specifying ends, set uping scheme, and developing programs to organize activities. In Samsung, their vision is set by the top direction that is â€Å" Inspire the universe, create the hereafter † . This vision 2020 shows that their committedness in animating the universe by bettering their three key strengths which are â€Å" New Technology † , â€Å" Advanced Products † , â€Å" Creative Solutions † and besides promotes Samsung Electronics ‘ nucleus web which are industry, spouses and employees with the attempt to lend a better universe and with batch of experiences for all. Besides, Samsung besides aims to accomplish one of the top five trade names in the universe by 2020 and established three strategic attacks in direction which are creativeness, partnership and endowment. ( â€Å" Vision † , 1995-2012 ) ( â€Å" Vision † , 1995-2012 ) Leading: Leading includes actuating employees, directing the activities of others, choosing the most effectual communicating channel, and deciding struggles. Office of Secretaries takes the taking function in Samsung as they carry out coordination whenever there are struggles happen. ( Chnag, J. H. , 2010 ) However, the synergisms may be created via nonvoluntary cooperation or decree as the concern units have to accept its declaration. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Besides, the Secretarial Offices spread company doctrine and better concern coordination and information, which are shared among affiliates. ( Chnag, J. H. , 2010 ) The employees of this company are motivated by the doctrine of life by strong values is the key to good concern. Those values encompass people, excellence, alteration, unity and co-prosperity, together with the Samsung codification of behavior are the extremist for them to do every determination. ( â€Å" About Samsung † , 1995-2012 ) Organizing: Forming includes finding what undertakings are to be done, who is to make them, how the undertakings are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and who will do the determinations. Samsung Electronics has a strong concern division construction that is managed independently by concern unit directors. The company is divided into five sectors, which are Digital Media, Semiconductors, Telecommunications, Digital Appliances and LCDs. Within these sectors, there are 13 Global Business Managers ( GBM ) who responsible to form the house along major merchandise divisions in footings of forces, gross revenues, and production within their several divisions. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Employees are divided harmonizing to their specialize and accomplishments into different undertakings to increase work end product. ( Robbins et al. , 2012 ) Any proposal of investing that is written by GBM should be reviewed by the finance section, followed by CFO. Then, CFO reports to CEO. Finally, the proposal is appro ved by Office of Secretaries and Chairman. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Controlling: Controling includes monitoring public presentation, comparing it with ends, and rectifying any important divergences. In Samsung, the overall public presentations of BOD, CEO and employees are controlled by Audit Committee, which has a wide scope of audit right from top to bottom. ( â€Å" Ethical motives Management † , 1995-2008 ) For illustration, they have the right to ask about fiscal studies from the BOD and employees at any clip, the right to claim to suspend illegal activity of the company BOD member, the right to name a general stockholders ‘ meeting and so on. There are besides separate audit squads that under the direct control of CEO with the responsible of promoting employees to adhere to the pattern of direction by moralss. ( â€Å" Ethical motives Management † , 1995-2008 ) A ) What seem to be the most of import things taking to the success of the Samsung Electronicss? To be successful, Samsung Electronics is traveling planetary. Samsung Electronics is forcing the Galaxy S smartphone to dispute Apple Inc. ‘s iPhone and contract the spread with leader Nokia Oyj. It helped Samsung Electronics quadruplicate one-year gross to139 trillion won ( $ 116 million ) in the 10 old ages that ended in 2009. Samsung Electronics portions rose 10-fold during that clip. ( Lee, Y. , 2010 ) Besides, Samsung Electronics has the good planning accomplishments as they able to see the concern chance in the industry and set the peculiar ends to prosecute. They able to descry the countries, which are little but turning fast. ( â€Å" Samsung † , 2011 ) Such countries that spotted by Samsung are capital-intensive. Therefore, it is hard for their challengers to maintain up. First, Samsung will tippytoe into the engineering in the industry to acquire familiar with it. Then, they will wait for the suited minute that the ‘window of chance ‘ clears. For illustration, in 2001, Samsung catch the chance of rapid growing of the liquid-crystal shows that cause the honkytonk of the monetary value. They turned the liquid-crystal shows into telecastings. ( â€Å" Samsung † , 2011 ) Samsung Electronics is advanced in package and David Yoffie, a professor at Havard Business School in Boston said â€Å" Leading extremist invention in the engineering universe today requires strength in package, non merely hardware. † ( Lee, Y. , 2010 ) . Samsung Electronics has grown by analyzing their challengers to better fabrication and design. Samsung electronics besides hired a group of Nipponese Design Consultant to measure Samsung interior decorators. Besides, their experient interior decorators are sent to work abroad in diverse industries. By making this, Samsung design scheme could affect several enterprises and they began to implement a planetary trade name communicating scheme. As new engineerings are being invariably introduced to the market, Samsung engineers strive to understand what clients need in front of rivals and adjust their thought to develop original and advanced merchandises that will run into those demands every bit good as new engineerings to take the future market. Therefore, the new markets had pioneered continuously by them. ( Samsung Electronicss: Success By Design, 2008 ) B ) What do you see as the major challenges confronting by Samsung Electronics over the following five old ages? The major challenge that will be faced by Samsung Electronics over the following five old ages is how to construct a stronger and better planetary trade name. This is why the Samsung ‘s planetary selling manager need to measure in how to construct the planetary trade name repute of the company farther and upgrade the company ‘s worldwide trade name image to vie with Apple trade name which has dominated the market portion particularly in Western Europe. The challenge of Samsung ‘s selling manager is the branding schemes in planetary markets and the selling squad has to analyze the organisational kineticss to develop a stronger planetary trade name that recognized by worldwide. Another challenge that will be faced by Samsung Electronics is the competition over the market portion particularly in smart phone. In this fast paced economic conditions, Samsung need to go on bring forth more and more of the smart phone with improved version and attractive design to run into with the rapid economic growing. The company needs to put and present more of the new engineering and integrate the package and application into the new appliances so that it will non lose out to another rival. Invention and creativeness are of import in this to pull the appliance lover and if the company fails to come out with a new and appealing merchandise, they will be overcome by another rival such as Apple, HTC or Nokia. Findingss: Samsung electronics have a centralised construction doing the top direction own the governments and powers over all the of import determinations. This make the determination doing procedure fast and fleet and can transport out rapidly. In this manner, organisation is more efficient as execution of any programs, thoughts or policies can be carried out rapidly without any hold and this is really of import particularly to cover with the fast paced economic and competition in market. This is supported by a survey in diary by Choong Y.Lee. ( Choong, Y. L. , 2012 ) However, overly centralisation in organisation is besides non good for the company. All of the of import determinations are made by the top direction while the center and first line direction can non voice out their sentiments but to follow the order of the top. If the determination made by the top direction is wrong, it can impact the company concern and therefore take downing the company net incomes. Therefore, a good leading is of import to take the company. This is supported by the professor Chang Sea-Jin which stated there is no warrant that good leader will prolong and even they can do error as good in his book reappraisal. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Samsung Electronicss are holding hierarchal direction construction which reflects the importance of senior status in the Korean civilization. The hierarchal construction brings synergism when things are traveling good but could potentially be black if one portion of the procedure goes off from planned. ( Kim, J.C. , 2012 ) This is supported by Professor John Kotter in his article â€Å" Havard Business Review † that hierarchal organizational are frequently inflexible. Hierarchical organisation work in standardised procedures but does non utile in dynamic environments. They are slow to respond to new chances, which frequently require transformative alteration. ( Basu, C. , 2012 ) Besides, harmonizing to research workers G.M. Stalker and T. Burns, mechanistic organisations use hierarchal top-down constructions while organic organisations use more flexible constructions and work best in fluid and unpredictable concern climates.A Organic structures depend on personal interactions instead than a formal concatenation of bid that allow the organisation to react rapidly and efficaciously to altering fortunes in ways that the hierarchal construction can non. Samsung Electronics should do it concern to understand such construction so that it can hold the benefits of both. ( Thompson, S. , 2012 ) Samsung Electronics has many regulations and ordinances that are governed by the top directors of the organisation. When the top directors are unable to command the lower-level activities, they themselves will replace the regulations and ordinances. Since they have the authorization to engage and fire the executives and employees in the organisation anytime, the employees have to accept the undertakings given by the directors and follow whatever they said. Employees are invariably observed and monitored by top directors during their on the job period to guarantee that they are non doing any errors or go againsting the regulations. Consequently, weariness are accumulated when employees are working under such great force per unit areas that known as organisational weariness. Furthermore, employees of Samsung Electronicss have to follow the Global Code of Conduct, which consists of a figure of rules. ( SECL, 2006 ) For case, under rule 1-4-1, it stated that 'employees shall non impute their personal political sentiments and behavior to the company, or do such sentiments or behavior to be attributed to the company ‘ . Besides, rule 2-4-3 showed that ‘the company will non let its officers and employees, while in office, to move as figure of boards of company with struggles of involvement or take part in competitory concern activities. ‘ ( SECL, 2006 ) There are still a big sum of regulations and rules that the employees should follow with and that can be referred from the Global Code of Conduct, 2006. The direction of Samsung Electronics is known as ‘fear-based direction ‘ . The employees have to be loyal to their company in order to remain in the company. However, organisational weariness will convey negative effects to the company. If the employees or executives are dismissed against their volitions for any grounds by the top directors such as the president or the Office of Secretaries, their choler will take to their treachery and loss their trueness. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) There were several instances on which the employees of Samsung Electronics tried to sell the proprietary engineerings to Samsung ‘s rivals and to other companies. ( Chang, S. J. , 2008 ) Decision: In a nutshell, Samsung Electronics has a mechanistic organisational construction as it has stiff hierarchal relationships and tall organisational construction. In the company, each employee has fixed responsibilities and they have to follow tonss of regulations. Besides, the determination devising procedure is centralized and the communicating channel is formalized. In Samsung, the ends or visions are planned by the top direction. Office of Secretaries takes the taking function as they responsible to work out the struggles every bit good as aid the president to command and direct the single affiliates. Besides, they besides spread the company doctrine to actuate the employees. Samsung Electronics is divided into Digital Media, Semiconductors, Telecommunications, Digital Appliances and LCDs, which are managed by concern unit directors. The overall public presentations of Samsung Electronics organisation are controlled by Audit Committee. In this assignment, we have learned the features of the two types of organisational constructions, which are mechanistic organisation and organic organisation that concern the work specialisation, departmentalization, authorization and responsible, centralisation and decentalisation, span of control and formalisation. After analysing these factors and seeking all the related information of Samsung Electronics, we could reason that this company is a mechanistic organisation. Therefore, our analysing ability could be strengthen when carry out this assignment. Besides, we have a better apprehension to acknowledge and distinguish these two organisation theoretical accounts. Furthermore, more cognition about this company could be gained during the research.

Long Report Essay

INTRODUCTION Background This report was created to present the findings of a study aimed to curve the impact of the large number of workers we employ on local traffic. Many city and county transportation officials are interested in exploring ways to solve the traffic issues. The research in this report analyzes the commuting patterns of our 43,500 employees. Traffic is a daily battle for many commuters and has become a problem in our area. Problem For many people, the commute to work is disastrous. It is not uncommon to hear of people leaving hours early for work simply because of traffic. Although traffic can be found mostly everywhere, the area surrounding our company is unbearable. We are known as the largest private employer in this area, employing over 43,000 people. This fact, combined with normal traffic patterns, creates much more traffic in other areas and problems with commuting. Purpose The purpose of this report is to alleviate the problems with traffic due to the high number of people we employ. The first step in this process is analyzing the workforce’s transportation habits and attitudes. Scope This report will focus mainly on the transportation habits of the workforce, as well as their opinion on possible changes. DISCUSSION Employee Carpool Habits One simple way to help reduce traffic problems is the use of carpooling. The idea of employee carpooling is simple-employees who live in close relation to each other commute to work together, using only one car. Four people carpooling together takes three cars off the road that would have been there had they not carpooled. Carpooling is also mutually beneficial to the employees. Many save a large sum of money and they are  no longer required to physically drive to and from work every day. An added benefit is the 85 million gallons of gas saved every year by carpoolers. The results of the research are displayed in Figure 1. Based on the research done at our company, 23% of employee’s carpool to work every day and 10% report that they are carpooling on certain days of the week. A small percentage (2%) showed that these workers randomly carpool. The majority of the employees reported that they never carpool. Currently, 64% of our employees are not carpooling at all. Increasing the amount of carpooling being done from just one-third of the employee population to half or more will result in great change. As stated before, carpooling is a very easy and convenient way to get many cars off the roads with little change and has much benefit for both the individuals’ carpooling and the function of these populated areas. Employee Use of Public Transportation Public transportation provides a convenient and inexpensive alternative to regular commuting. There are many types of public transportation including buses, trains, subways and ferries. These provide commuters with a range of options to decide what one works best for their commute. Results for a survey on the frequency of public  transportation used by the employees at this company are displayed in figure 2. Currently just over half (54%) of the workforce uses public transportation every day of the week and just 28% of employees never use it. This shows that public transportation is possible for the workers. Because of the high number of employees that use public transportation, it can be concluded that the increase in use of public transportation is a possible solution. To generate ideas on how to increase the use of public transportation, a survey was completed that asked the employees to select as many of the seven ways provided to increase frequency that they saw relevant. The results are depicted in a column graph in figure 3. The graph shows that the results of the study found that the majority of people selected that nothing could encourage them to take public transportation. Although lower fares and improved safety were selected as the most desired option, over 8,000 employees would not use public transportation no matter  the change. It appears that people’s use and opinions of public transportation are difficult to change and there is no one solution that would increase the amount of people using it significantly enough for it to be worthy of doing. Transportation Distance Traveled to/from Work A potential solution to the issue of traffic patterns is the increase in employees walking or riding their bikes, scooters etc. This is a low-cost solution that like carpooling, has mutual benefits for the employee. Because we can not ask people to move closer to work so they can walk or bike, there are no ways to change the option to make it more appealing as done with public transportation. To determine if this is a possible solution to the problem a survey was completed that asked the participant to report the distance traveled one way to work. If the majority of the employees live in close proximity to the company, using other modes of transportation could be viable. The results of this study are shown in figure 4. The majority (53%) of the workforce lives within 4-10 miles and the second largest percentage chosen was 11-20 miles. Unfortunately, that is too far of a distance and it would be difficult to get employees to do. If the majority had fallen in the 1-3 mile  range, thi s solution could have been a potential solution but only 16% of the employees chose this option. Therefore, the idea of commuting on foot or bike as a solution to this problem would not be effective. Telecommuting An option that could impact the traffic patterns of this area is an increase in telecommuting. Telecommuting is when you are able to conduct your business from your home, thus cancelling out the issue of a commute altogether. A survey was done to inquire about the amount of workers whose jobs allow them to work from home. With this information, we can better predict if telecommuting is a realistic option. The results are displayed in figure 5. Based on these results, only 28% of employee’s jobs would allow them to work from home and the majority (43%) of the workers reported that their jobs do not allow them to work from home. Telecommuting is an intriguing option because it is the only one that removes the commute entirely. The problem with telecommuting is that many jobs are not suited  for a home office, and require many other things besides a computer. The way that the company is established now, telecommuting does not seem like a viable option. However, if the company w ere willing to change  some things and make the company more flexible, telecommuting could be a great way to solve this issue. CONCLUSION Through the use of surveying and analysis, it is apparent that changing the commuting patterns and improving traffic around the company will be difficult. There are a large number of employees and with a large group, comes wide variety. The ideas to increase carpooling and telecommuting appear to be the most realistic options and the ones that would produce the most results. Public Transportation appears to not work for many, no matter  the circumstance changes making this not an option. Lastly, the potential to increase the frequency of employees walking and biking to class is not a solution because the majority of employees live outside walking distance. RECCOMENDATION Based on the results found in the surveys, I am recommending that the best option for changing traffic patterns is an increase in carpooling. An incentive for employees to carpool would be a good start to moving towards this. By running an incentive type  program for employees who have never carpooled before would allow those employees to see the benefits of carpooling. Ideally, the employees would see that carpooling is a great solution to this problem.

The Mysterious Maya essays

The Mysterious Maya essays In The Mysterious Maya, I learned a lot of things in regards to the history of the native inhabitants of Central America and in relation to the Spanish involvement thereafter. I learned a great deal about the culture and religion of the Maya and Aztec population. I had no idea the extent of the two cultures belief systems. In the article, I found the information on the Toltec-Aztec religion to be quite fascinating. The authors bring up the almost voodoo-like, superstitious, (p. 5) aspect of their culture: ...they cut open their victims chests and tore out their still-beating hearts as an offering to the sun god...they were feeding it with its favourite food, human life-force, which would ensure that the sun would keep on rising (p. 5). The term life-force raises my eyebrows. I would like to learn more in-depth about how their spirituality beyond the mutilation of the body. Do they believe in hell? What do they believe heaven is? What happens in heaven? To Western civilizations, this would seem frightening and very absurd that the idea of sacrificing a human being to appease the gods is practical or even viable. But I, like the authors, believe that it is not unlike the Christian model of mortification of the flesh and self-sacrifice (p. 2). It is interesting to me that Cortes and the Catholic Church didnt realize this parallel. Connecting this point, I learned how ethnocentric the newly-settled Spanish-Americans really were. It seems to me that even the more enlightened researchers and Catholic Friars who communicated with the Indians had this view. In an attempt to explain the backwards religion and culture of the Aztec and Maya populations, the unique and uncanny Mesopotamian similarities in architecture of Palenque, and even allusion that the Roman Empire (p.19) had a hand in the erection of ...

Carbon Monoxide Detectors and How They Work

Carbon Monoxide Detectors and How They Work According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in America. Carbon monoxide detectors are available, but you need to understand how they work and what their limitations are in order to decide whether or not you need a detector and, if you purchase a detector, how to use it to get the best protection. What is Carbon Monoxide? Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless, invisible gas. Each carbon monoxide molecule is composed of a single carbon atom bonded to a single oxygen atom. Carbon monoxide results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, such as wood, kerosene, gasoline, charcoal, propane, natural gas, and oil. Where is Carbon Monoxide Found? Carbon monoxide is present in low levels in the air. In the home, it is formed from incomplete combustion from any flame-fueled (i.e., not electric) device, including ranges, ovens, clothes dryers, furnaces, fireplaces, grills, space heaters, vehicles, and water heaters. Furnaces and water heaters may be sources of carbon monoxide, but if they are vented properly the carbon monoxide will escape to the outside. Open flames, such as from ovens and ranges, are the most common source of carbon monoxide. Vehicles are the most common cause of carbon monoxide poisoning. How Do Carbon Monoxide Detectors Work? Carbon monoxide detectors trigger an alarm based on an accumulation of carbon monoxide over time. Detectors may be based on a chemical reaction causing a color change, an electrochemical reaction that produces current to trigger an alarm or a semiconductor sensor that changes its electrical resistance in the presence of CO. Most carbon monoxide detectors require a continuous power supply, so if the power cuts off then the alarm becomes ineffective. Models are available that offer back-up battery power. Carbon monoxide can harm you if you are exposed to high levels of carbon monoxide in a short period of time, or to lower levels of carbon monoxide over a long period of time, so there are different types of detectors depending on how the level of carbon monoxide is measured. Why is Carbon Monoxide Dangerous? When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it passes from the lungs into the hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin at the same site as and preferentially to oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin interferes with the oxygen transport and gas exchange abilities of red blood cells. The result is that the body becomes oxygen-starved, which can result in tissue damage and death. Low levels of carbon monoxide poisoning cause symptoms similar to those of the flu or a cold, including shortness of breath on mild exertion, mild headaches, and nausea. Higher levels of poisoning lead to dizziness, mental confusion, severe headaches, nausea, and fainting on mild exertion. Ultimately, carbon monoxide poisoning can result in unconsciousness, permanent brain damage, and death. Carbon monoxide detectors are set to sound an alarm before the exposure to carbon monoxide would present a hazard to a healthy adult. Babies, children, pregnant women, people with cir culatory or respiratory ailments, and the elderly are more sensitive to carbon monoxide than healthy adults. Where Should I Place a Carbon Monoxide Detector? Because carbon monoxide is slightly lighter than air and also because it may be found with warm, rising air, detectors should be placed on a wall about 5 feet above the floor. The detector may be placed on the ceiling. Do not place the detector right next to or over a fireplace or flame-producing appliance. Keep the detector out of the way of pets and children. Each floor needs a separate detector. If you are getting a single carbon monoxide detector, place it near the sleeping area and make certain the alarm is loud enough to wake you up. What Do I Do if the Alarm Sounds? Dont ignore the alarm! It is intended to go off before you are experiencing symptoms. Silence the alarm, get all members of the household to fresh air, and ask whether anyone is experiencing any of the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning. If anyone is experiencing symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, call 911. If no one has symptoms, ventilate the building, identify and remedy the source of the carbon monoxide before returning inside, and have appliances or chimneys checked by a professional as soon as possible. Additional Carbon Monoxide Concerns and Information Dont automatically assume that you need or dont need a carbon monoxide detector. Also, dont assume that you are safe from carbon monoxide poisoning just because you have a detector installed. Carbon monoxide detectors are intended to protect healthy adults, so take the ages and health of family members into account when assessing the effectiveness of a detector. Also, be aware that the average life span of many carbon monoxide detectors is about 2 years. The test feature on many detectors checks the functioning of the alarm and not the status of the detector. There are detectors that last longer, indicate when they need to be replaced, and have power supply backups you need to check to see whether a particular model has the features you require. When deciding whether or not to purchase a carbon monoxide detector, you need to consider not only the number and type of carbon monoxide sources but also the construction of the building. A newer building may have more airtight construction and may be better insulated, which make it easier for carbon monoxide to accumulate.

EC202 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EC202 SLP - Essay Example If a country has a high GDP, it means it is healthy and has low unemployment, higher wages and hence higher spending power. Hence, Novartis would be more profitable in countries with higher GDPs where it can sell its products at a higher price. ii. Balance of Payments: Since Novartis is in a highly regulated industry (pharmaceuticals) Balance of Payments indicator becomes very important macro-economic indicator for Novartis. If a country is in fiscal deficit, it is likely that the government will induce a spending cut on its healthcare budget, and thereby the government would push Novartis to lower its drugs’ prices. iii. Interest Rates: Novartis being a multi-national pharmaceutical company engages in a number of foreign exchange transactions/flows across the globe. Hence, differences in interest rates would affect the relative worth of currencies in relation to one another (esp. forex changes between euro, CHF and USD). 2. What do these indicators suggest about the current o r future condition of your organization? With regards to the current economic crisis in the US, the macro-economic factors would have a negative effect on the condition of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. The US Congress recently passed a $38 billion spending cut bill (Reuters) that is anticipated to cut budgets of various government run healthcare and social programs.

Animal,Vegestable, Miserable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animal,Vegestable, Miserable - Essay Example Gary presents meat consumers’ argument that God created only human beings in His image and, therefore, are more close to Him than the animals. They argue that God created the animals to satisfy human dietary needs. The Bible and other Christian thinkers have ample support for the argument. Others argue that humans suffer most due to the human capacity for abstract thought. Jeremy explains that animals live in the present and have no sense of the future. Vegetarians call for a more humanely raised meat. Gary questions the intelligence of the human race in reference to their act of ignoring the practices of animal killing. People kill approximately 53 billion animals every year for food. Gary argues that if humans cared about the animal’s welfare, they would renounce consumption of animal products. It is often a significant challenge for vegetarians to live in a meat-crazed society. Vegetarians avoid all kinds of animal products ranging from leather, silk, wool and the animal associated cosmetics and medications. Gary Steiner’s thoughts presented in the book is an arguable subject. The various arguments of the issue will depend mostly on individual’s opinion. To some people, it is a standard practice while to others it is a ridicule of the