The strategy of The Body Shop

â€Å"Business people have got to be the instigators of change. They have the money and the power to make a difference. A company that makes a profit from society has a responsibility to return something to that society.† 1 (Roddick, 1991) This statement, by Anita Roddick OBE, founder of ‘The Body Shop', demonstrates the strong ethical dimension of the company's way of doing business. She opened her first shop in Brighton on March 26th 1976 selling 25 varieties of 100-percent natural skin and hair care products inspired by cultural knowledge from around the world. The company has expanded dramatically since its origins and now has over 1900 stores worldwide. Despite its rapid growth, the strong beliefs and values existent in 1976 remain deeply embedded within the organisational culture. Throughout this writing I will discuss these beliefs and values in the context of corporate strategy and decision-making, and demonstrate how it relates to theoretical frameworks within the corporate strategy field. I will analyse The Body Shop's strategies using these theoretical models, and compare and contrast the models themselves. The strategy of The Body Shop in comparison to other businesses within the cosmetics and toiletries industry was unconventional. Their rapid growth, achieved mainly through franchising, was primarily due to the ‘green' nature of the organisation, prioritising ethical practice over making profits. â€Å"Ever since she started The Body Shop in 1976, Roddick had made a habit of going against the tide of the industry's established business practices.† 2 (Mintzberg, Quinn, Ghoshal, 1991: 447) This quotation reinforces the notion of The Body Shop's alternative approach to strategy. Unlike other companies within the industry, they didn't make miraculous claims for their products; they allowed labels with detailed lists of the ingredients and properties of products to tell customers about each good. This links in with the fact that a major component of The Body Shop's strategy was that they never engaged in any advertising. Throughout history and in contemporary advertising, organisations within the health and beauty sector have constantly bombarded the public with claims and promises associated with their products through the use of adverts and promotions. â€Å"The cosmetics industry makes its money through packaging and advertising, which together are 85 per cent of its costs.† 3 (Mintzberg, Quinn, Ghoshal, 1991: 453) This is a cost that The Body Shop's strategy enabled them to avoid. The business was started with just a $6000 bank loan, and so it wasn't possible to engage in expensive advertising campaigns, moreover, it was against the values of the organisation, who preferred to rely on word-of-mouth and publicity to secure sales. It is said that the initial success of the first store was a lot to do with the curiosity and publicity acquired through a local newspaper article illustrating the fact that it was called â€Å"The Body Shop† and was located close to a funeral parlour. Their strategy exploits the fact that they are a socially responsible organisation, meaning that customers buy their products knowing that nothing has been artificially manufactured and are produced with 100 percent natural ingredients. This unique selling point, together with their prominent beliefs and values, has the affect of providing The Body Shop with a competitive advantage over other firms in the industry. This will be developed in more depth later in the writing. The Body Shop's strong social message is reflected in every aspect of their mission statement. From dedicating the business to the pursuit of social and environmental change, to meaningfully contributing to local, national and international communities in which they trade.4 â€Å"The company is significantly involved in local communities and is prepared to get political and talk about big issues in countries where it does business. No company in the world campaigns at the level we do, or turns their shops into action stations, or challenges the role of business like we do.† 5 (Roddick, 2002) Throughout history The Body Shop has rapidly expanded geographically as well as in terms of their sales and product portfolio, however, in the late 1990s their performance began to suffer. As a result, February 2000 saw fundamental changes to the organisation and management, including substantial changes to the board of directors, and the outsourcing of manufacturing to a company named ‘Creative Outsourcing Solutions International Limited'. Anita and Gordon Roddick became non-executive directors and there were five new appointments to the board, including a new CEO. Despite these changes The Body Shop's performance failed to be rejuvenated, which forced them into more drastic changes. â€Å"In the most recent annual report, Peter Saunders (CEO) commented that the group's objective now was to apply a strategy to drive performance across the global business†¦The single most important priority, he added, was to improve comparable sales performance across stores through effective new product launches.† 6 (‘Mintel', 2003: 137) These new objectives seem to have the effect of diluting the self-proclaimed visions and primary concerns of The Body Shop. It could be said that the current management have somewhat contradicted Anita Roddick's earlier philosophies. â€Å"Too many businesses have gotten distracted with management structures and†¦making money.† 7 (Roddick, 1991) One of the main underlying reasons why they have encountered their current problems is because many companies within the health and beauty industry have noted the success of The Body Shop and are responding to the ever-increasing ‘green consumer' themselves through the release of their own versions of ‘all-natural' products. Examples being ‘Està ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e Lauder Origins', ‘Revlon New Age Naturals', and ‘Clairol Herbal Essences'. Competition erodes profit, and, as a result of the increase in competition, The Body Shop have lost their competitive advantage of being able to supply what others cannot. The strategies of The Body Shop can be analysed using several theoretical models from within the strategy discipline. Situation analysis can be used to determine what advantages BS have, or have had, over their competitors, and can illustrate how The Body Shop was so successful for many years. This theory, termed by Mintzberg as the ‘Design School', was based upon work by Professor Kenneth Andrews and addresses, amongst others, the view that: â€Å"Strategy is concerned with identifying opportunities in the enterprise's external environment which it is better qualified to exploit than its competitors.† 8 (Lilley, 2003) The current situation of The Body Shop was analysed by Mintel and appears in their February 2003 publication on health and beauty retailing in the UK. STRENGTHS * Strong worldwide coverage helps to spread corporate risk. * Well known and well respected global brand. * Franchising has enabled the company to grow at lower cost and lower risk. * Still has strong ethical and environmental credentials. WEAKNESSES * Mature business, with declining like-for-like sales. * Appears to lack the inspiration to re-invent itself. * Vulnerable to imitators. * Franchising reduces level of corporate control. * Rapidly rising rental costs in the UK. * Limited growth opportunities in terms of new geographical regions. OPPORTUNITIES * Still potential to enter new markets in Europe especially Central/Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. * Implementation of strategy to control costs and working capital in order to improve profitability and cash generation. * Development of more pharmacy concessions in Ireland and possibly other markets. * Further development of e-commerce and other non-store channels. THREATS * Strong competition from other innovative and environmentally friendly health and beauty retailers. * Great competition from discounters and grocers' health and beauty offer. * Recent new product launches have yet to produce a positive impact on sales densities. * Continued lack of like-for-like sales growth threatens profitability and the group's scope to expand physically. ‘Figure 1': SWOT Analysis of The Body Shop International Plc. 9 (Mintel, 2003: 144) The above analysis was compiled after The Body Shop's decline in performance – it is clear that all the threats from the external environment are modern occurrences that wouldn't have been an issue during their period of rapid growth in the 1980s. Throughout this time they effectively maintained a portfolio of differentiated products and, perhaps more prominently, a unique and differentiated brand image, which enabled The Body Shop to compete and be successful. â€Å"Product differentiation means that established firms have brand identification and customer loyalties, which stem from product differences, or simply being first into the industry.† 10 (Porter, 1980: 9) The environmentally friendly and ethical practices that The Body Shop claim they dedicate their business to could be described as their core competence within the industry. Even to this date Anita Roddick and the organisation actively campaign in issues such as animal testing, human rights, and protecting our planet. No other business within the health and beauty industry is as heavily associated with ethical and environmental practices as The Body Shop. The core competence of an organisation characterises its whole range, take for example, Sony's ability to miniaturise electronics or Aston Martin's competence in producing flawless motorcars. It is clear to see that The Body Shop's core competence is not only reflected throughout their product range, but is evident throughout all their business activities, from their minimal use of product packaging, to the layout of stores. â€Å"Core competencies and market-led strategy are nowadays the only pathways toward success.† 11 (Sophocleous, 2003) The strategy that The Body Shop employed can be analysed with another useful framework in the field of strategy, namely â€Å"The Five Competitive Forces that Determine Industry Profitability† by Michael E. Porter. This cannot be applied directly to The Body Shop, but can be used to analyse the external environment in which they operated in the past, and how it changed in the late 90s. ‘Figure 2†²: Forces driving industry competition. 12 (Porter, 1980: 4) The main principle behind this model is that the profitability of an organisation is determined by the collective strength of the five forces; in other words, the industry structure directly affects industry profitability. The Body Shop initially operated within a niche market where there were no real competitors offering the same products nor backing the same principles that they were. The threat of substitutes was minimal because if customers wanted all-natural products they would almost certainly have had to buy them from The Body Shop. In relation to the threat of new entrants, initially there was nothing stopping rival firms from competing within the all-natural cosmetics and toiletries sector, however, no other companies actively engaged in the ethical and environmental practices to the extent that The Body Shop did. The barriers to market entry increased in relation to the amount of stores opened by The Body Shop, and during their period of rapid growth, their power within the niche market could have been regarded almost as monopolistic. However, customers who preferred to buy all-natural products but didn't regard it as being entirely necessary could easily have turned to other companies' products within the wider industry, that didn't exercise such dominant views on ethical and environmental issues. The low threat of ‘all-natural' substitution that existed in the earlier stages of The Body Shop, coupled with the fact that the arrival of new entrants was particularly low, provided them with the opportunity to control the prices they charged for their products. The argument becomes more complex when trying to categorise The Body Shop into a particular market. They could be regarded as operating completely within their own sector, but can also be viewed as just another cosmetics company with the advantage of having a differentiated product range and image. â€Å"Differentiation, if achieved, is a viable strategy for earning above-average returns in an industry because it creates a defensible position for coping with the five competitive forces.† 13 (Porter, 1980: 38) To justify this quotation in relation to The Body Shop we must consider them to be in the wider cosmetics industry, which has a high level of competitors. Their differentiation led to customers' increased loyalty in The Body Shop brand, which resulted in a lower sensitivity in price. This had the effect of protecting the company from competition and rivalry. However, as time progressed, other companies intentionally sought to compete directly in the field of environmentally friendly products. The Body Shop was able to gain an advantage over competitors by not utilising traditional distribution channels – for many years they only sold their products through their own shops. This reduced the threat of new direct competition from other companies, as the level of investment required by a new entrant would be extortionate considering they would have to open an abundance of specialist shops. However, to overcome these problems the new competitors emerged using traditional distribution channels, such as through supermarkets and department stores. â€Å"The strength of the five forces varies from industry to industry, and can change as an industry evolves.† 14 (Porter, 1985: 4) The above statement from Porter's work in 1985 is related to the case of the cosmetics and toiletries industry in that the emergence of greater competition in the 90s meant that the strength of the competitive rivalry aspect of the five forces within the industry increased. In addition, customers now have the ability to simply pick and choose alternative brands' all-natural products in confidence – an increase in the threat of substitution. Through the use of Porter's five forces model we can see that the changes in the strength of the forces within the cosmetics and toiletries market have accounted for the recent decline in performance of The Body Shop. In the early days of the company, the threat of like-for-like substitutes and the associated power of customers were relatively low in comparison to the modern day situation. Competitors have increasingly matched the core competences of The Body Shop, and, as a result, the significant competitive advantage that they once had has been reduced. â€Å"Competition in an industry goes well beyond the established players. Customers, suppliers, substitutes, and all potential entrants are all ‘competitors' to firms in an industry.† 15 (Porter, 1980: 6) This quotation by Porter reveals that the five forces model has limitations with regard to The Body Shop case. The Body Shop do not regard their suppliers as competitors; in fact they want to actually financially support their suppliers. This is evident from their mission statement in their aim of balancing the financial and human needs of their suppliers. These more esoteric aspects of The Body Shop's strategy, termed by Anita Roddick as them doing ‘business as unusual', highlights another main drawback of the five forces model, in that it is geared around profit being the primary concern of an organisation and doesn't provide any flexibility or scope for change. The Body Shop's early successes can be partly attributed to the strong customer base they secured due to the general movement in society towards being more environmentally and ethically aware. The framework doesn't deal effectively with this idea of customer preference or changes in trends, nor does it cope with the notion that customers were gained through the fact that they appreciated, and could relate to, the values and beliefs of The Body Shop and their efforts to pursue social and environmental change, and not just because of factors relating to price. On the other hand, the SWOT analysis model is useful for clearly displaying the advantages of an organisation in relation to the market within which it operates, together with the negative aspects of the internal organisation and external environment. As with all theories, however, there are a number of limitations associated with it. All of a business's strengths do not necessarily directly contribute towards providing a competitive advantage, SWOT analysis also has the tendency to take a single dimension of a firm's strategy over-emphasise it. It is difficult to prove which strengths are likely to provide the most benefit to an organisation, and also determine which opportunity should be given more attention to shape the overall strategy of the business in question. The findings of SWOT analysis are greatly shaped by the opinions and perceptions of managers or analysts, meaning that they can be regarded as subjective in nature as opposed to the, perhaps initial appearance of being objective and rationally constructed. â€Å"What we are dealing with here is not the organisation or environment ‘in itself', rather we are attempting to extract and combine the perceptions of these entities that exist in the minds of managers.† 16 (Lilley, 2003) In conclusion, after analysing the strategy of The Body Shop using frameworks from the strategy discipline, it is apparent that SWOT analysis deals well with the unique aspects of The Body Shop's strategy. Although the analysis of The Body Shop's situation is greatly dependent upon personal judgement, their strengths shown in figure 1 give an accurate account of the 25-year success story, which was primarily based upon The Body Shop's core competence in displaying continuous proactive dedication towards ethical and environmentally friendly practices, together with their prime high street and inner-city shop locations, and famous and respected global brand. The reasons for their decline in performance during the late 90s are clearly displayed in the ‘threats' category of the analysis, prominently highlighting the emergence of increased competition from other companies operating within the health and beauty industry, who are reaching consumers through traditional distribution channels and via supermarkets. Michael Porter's model of the five competitive forces is valuable in that it offers a simple, structured analysis of the industry, but is limited in the sense that it's unable to satisfactorily consider the dynamics of markets, for example, the movement of consumer preferences towards environmentally friendly products. It can provide a helpful starting point for further analysis, but simplified versions alone can prove inadequate. It provides an account of how conventional, profit-maximising firms are affected by the structure and occurrences of the external environment, and how those firms can work towards shaping and exploiting the environment to their advantages, but fails to comprehensively account for the successes of unorthodox firms like The Body Shop, who do not, at least in their own claims, follow the usual route of or towards profit maximisation.

Free Essays on Martha Graham

Dance is a form of expression which is uniquely expressed by an individual in his or her own way. Martha Graham influenced the world with her individual form of dance which changed dance. Graham has influenced many dancers to learn the Graham technique because it is different from ballet and it’s contemporary. Martha Graham has choreographed many dances which have been touched by people around the world. Her dances are unique in style and choreography. She is called the pioneer of modern dance, because she developed her own style of dance. In the 1930’s Graham developed a technique which uses the body to perform in percussive manners and let the emotions run freely. In the performances choreographed by Graham feelings in each dance is carried out so the audience can feel the pain or the happiness. In the performance Cave of Heart Graham has once again shown how she works her magic by carrying out every feeling. Cave of the Heart is a Greek mythology which was turned into a dance by Martha Graham. The dance was presented with such expression and feelings. The destructive powers of love, dark passions of the human heart are shown through the dance. Medea was a sorceress who, was in love with Jason. She used her magical powers to help him gain a Golden Fleece. Medea fled with him to Corinth and sacrificed everything that was dear to her. Jason was very ambitious and just cared about power and abandoned Medea. Medea felt betrayed by Jason because he had felt her alone. So Medea plans a plot which would end in death of her rival the princess and murder of her own two children. Medea is so furious with Jason that she wants to destroy everything even there children. Medea was adopted by Martha Graham, to create an expressive dance. This dance showed how Medea felt with the moves and colors which were chosen for the costumes. The dance moves in weren’t stiff, the moves were talking with the hands and showing feelings. Medea express... Free Essays on Martha Graham Free Essays on Martha Graham Dance is a form of expression which is uniquely expressed by an individual in his or her own way. Martha Graham influenced the world with her individual form of dance which changed dance. Graham has influenced many dancers to learn the Graham technique because it is different from ballet and it’s contemporary. Martha Graham has choreographed many dances which have been touched by people around the world. Her dances are unique in style and choreography. She is called the pioneer of modern dance, because she developed her own style of dance. In the 1930’s Graham developed a technique which uses the body to perform in percussive manners and let the emotions run freely. In the performances choreographed by Graham feelings in each dance is carried out so the audience can feel the pain or the happiness. In the performance Cave of Heart Graham has once again shown how she works her magic by carrying out every feeling. Cave of the Heart is a Greek mythology which was turned into a dance by Martha Graham. The dance was presented with such expression and feelings. The destructive powers of love, dark passions of the human heart are shown through the dance. Medea was a sorceress who, was in love with Jason. She used her magical powers to help him gain a Golden Fleece. Medea fled with him to Corinth and sacrificed everything that was dear to her. Jason was very ambitious and just cared about power and abandoned Medea. Medea felt betrayed by Jason because he had felt her alone. So Medea plans a plot which would end in death of her rival the princess and murder of her own two children. Medea is so furious with Jason that she wants to destroy everything even there children. Medea was adopted by Martha Graham, to create an expressive dance. This dance showed how Medea felt with the moves and colors which were chosen for the costumes. The dance moves in weren’t stiff, the moves were talking with the hands and showing feelings. Medea express...

TQM Process Improvement Strategies Essays

TQM Process Improvement Strategies Essays TQM Process Improvement Strategies Essay TQM Process Improvement Strategies Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: TQM Process Improvement Strategies There is an unprecedented increase in the level of competition in the various business fields and markets. This has been driven largely by the presence of technological improvements and changes in the consumer needs resulting in diversified products for satisfaction of such consumer needs and wants. Hence, in an increasingly competitive society, in the business world, there is a dire need by organizations and modern manufacturers to ensure continued evaluation of their management principles. Constant evaluation of the existent strategies of management, operation and other practices in the organization aims at providing the highest management process in line with the trends in the market in terms of changes. Hence, success in the modern business world is achieved through efficiencies brought about by improvements through total quality management. Essentially, total quality management is defined as the chronological approach used by management in continuous improvements in operations, organizational process and functions. This is usually achieved by understanding the consumer needs and wants and striving to exceed such consumer expectations through efficiencies in the organizational processes. In addition, the main objectives for the use of TQM are to ensure adequate focus on the consumer, continuous improvement of the organizational processes, and participation of all individuals in the organization, in the TQM activities (Gupta, Shakti Kant, 2). Accreditation is an essential asset to an organization irrespective of the field of operation. Hence, organizations usually select and aim for goals, which are realistic and achievable with the resources available to the organization. Establishment of standards enables an organization achieve the select goals and objectives and thus in the process ensuring the satisfaction of the consumer needs and wants. Hence, the presence of goals with respect to the existent standards provides managers in an organization with the opportunity to focus on achievement of such on a holistic platform. Hence, daily activities in the organization are relegated to the lower hierarchal executives for execution. This focus is essential as it entails the need for constant evaluation of the existent standards and goals in the organization (Imai, 19). The effectiveness or appraisal of the standards in existence, in an organization, is evaluated through the focus on either the structural aspect or the outcomes because of the existent standards. Accreditation programs in the contemporary organizations focus on three essential aspects in the execution of tasks in the organization. The first is the focus on the structural aspect of the issue of services or the development of products. The second is the focus on the process aspect in an organization. The third and last focus is on the outcome of the procedures in the organization during execution of tasks (Gupta, Shakti Kant, 5). Accreditation is usually used as a means of achievement of quality in the organization. Accreditation programs in organizations play a significant role in continued updating of standards of quality in any organization. Continued evaluation and subsequent improvements in organizational processes and products is essential for the achievement of the consumer satisfaction. This is achieved because of the guaranteed high quality, considerable costs and the delivery of the service by an organization. This is a means of seeking and subsequently achieving and ensuring consumer satisfaction. Hence, the means of constant evaluation of the existent goals and standards in organizations is a means of ensuring the achievement of competitive advantage. Thus, the improvement of quality in the organizational processes and thus ensuing that the efficiencies accrue numerous benefits to the organization such as reduced process costs, increased profitability, better consumer relationships from satisfaction through high quality goods and services and the achievement of a strong brand image. Hence, improvements are used to align the existent resources such as the skills, labor and funds with the organization’s strategic goals and objectives (Gouranourimi, 48). For instance, manufacturing organizations around the world have increased their use of Total Quality Management practices and business process re-engineering (BPR) programs aimed at achievement of the consumer satisfaction. The advantages accrued form the use of such programs is the need to ensure a strong relationship based on consumer experiences. Consumer experiences are essential in that they determine they determine the relationship of the organization with the existent consumers of the services and products issued by the organization. It is an express indication of the ability of the organization to provide high value goods and services that provide the much needed consumer satisfaction. In an organization, the management is tasked with initiating and talking up the act of decision-making in order to align the organizational processes with the organizational goals and objectives. This is considered as the provision of the strategic direction with the aim of accruing long-term results, which are usually achieved in terms of the financial position of the organization. This entails the decision-making in terms of the competitive priorities of the organization, the policies used in the various processes in the organization and other sectors, as well (Powell, 21). The second phase is the improvement planning which involves the identification and prioritization of the improvement actions, which essentially contribute to the achievement of the overall strategic goals and objectives. Improvements could take the form of new designs or ensuring continued improvements in the organizational processes to achieve the goals and objectives of the entity in its market of operation. Essentially improvement projects are selected based on their levels of contribution to the organizational efficiencies and effectiveness of the processes in the competitiveness of the organization in its market of operation. Prioritization of such essential processes provides the organization with the much-needed focus for the achievement of the strategic goals and objectives. It is also essential to ensure refined select competitive priorities, which should undergo continuous improvement (Powell, 21). This is also actualized on continued investigations into the consumer needs, wants, expectations and preferences and how such relate to the performance of the organization when compared to other organizations in the market of operation. Additionally, the processes, which are prioritized for continuous improvement, are selected based on their level of impact related competitive priorities of the organization identified for improvement. TQM is a process, which applies quantitative models and human resources to improve the resources supplied by an organization to the consumers. Such ensures that the consumers of the goods and services are the primary targets of the TQM processes and activities. The execution and implementation of the TQM strategies has several salient features. Such include the presence of a distinct approach or TQM model, elements of quality in the process, the leadership in the TQM processes, multifaceted and dimensioned approach in the TQM process for maximization of the benefits or results of the process. Leadership in an organization is essential to ensure the success of the TQM processes. Leadership is at times characterized as animalistic in terms of the approach used by the organization. Commitment from the top management of the hierarchal order of the organization in terms of provision of the direction of the TQM processes. Good management is essential in the processes to ensure the achievement of the organization’s strategic goals and objectives. Involvement of the organization’s top management falls as a critical aspect in the TQM processes because of the issue of guidance and direction in the entire process. The involvement of top management ensures the ability of evaluation of all the organizational processes to gain information of the priorities in the organization. Such priorities are related to the relationship of the organization with consumers and the entire market in general. They usually provide the direction in terms of obvious areas as which accrue larger costs to the organization. Additionally other issues such as quality of services and products rest with the various organizational departments (Powell, 27). The commitment of the management should be driven by a strong desire by the organization to ensure improved quality in the processes, services and products to consumers for eventual satisfaction of the consumer needs and wants. TQM results usually focus on the presence of long-term benefits. Hence, there is a dire need to delegate duties, responsibilities and tasks to the senior mangers for the overall achievement of the strategic goals and objectives. Such should also be replicated in the entire organization to ensure that all employees are in active participation, in the TQM processes. Top management provides monitoring and control as it acts as an oversight authority towards the achievement of the possible benefits of the TQM process. Management also provides direction in terms of the corrective actions required as well as the adoption of new processes in the organization from the TQM processes. The involvement of the top management of the organization is essential in TQM in that it enforces the gravity of the need for evaluation of the processes in the organization using TQM processes. Contemporary organizations identify that customer needs, wants and expectations in terms of the services and products provided by the organization are the primary drivers of the need for evaluation of the processes in the organization. Additionally, connection between the improvement deployment process and the strategic competitive priorities of the organization is needed. TQM focuses on the presence of incremental changes and the eventual improvement, even though gradual, of the process in an organization. Such could be considered as a forward-looking approach as it aims at the achievement of positive results (Gouranourimi, 49). The results of TQM are usually measured best from an economic perspective. Such effects could lead to bankruptcy or financial success based on the approach used in the TQM process. Results of TQM are at times determined by the resources held by an individual organization. The differences in terms of results and benefits are due to the presence of imperfect imitability. This means that organizations are exposed to different conditions and resources leading to the difference in circumstances and thus the results of the TQM process. This is brought about by the presence of what is described as isolating mechanisms. Isolating mechanisms include time compression diseconomies whereby issues such as skills and experience may take longer to accrue leading to slow realization of the benefits of the TQM process (Imai, 41). Others include the presence of connectedness of resources in that an organization might acquire resources, which might require additional resources, which an organization mi ght be unable to achieve or acquire. Hence, resources cannot be imitated by an organization resulting into varied benefits of possibly failure of the TQM. TQM requires dedication in terms of the allocation of resources by the organization for actual achievement of the goals and objectives in target by the organization. The goals and objectives should be formulated with respect to the available resources. Dedication of the resources is based on the uniqueness of the organization in terms of its ability to achieve the provided goals and objectives form the use of the TQM (Yousaf, 9). This requires adequate top management involvement, as well as the general employee population in terms of understanding their roles in the achievement of the provided goals and objectives using the TQM processes provided. Work Cited Imai, Masaaki. Kaizen (ky’zen), the Key to Japan’s Competitive Success. New York: Random House Business Division, 1986. Print. Gouranourimi, Farshad. â€Å"Total Quality Management, Business Process Reengineering Integrating Them for Organizations’ Improvement† American Journal of Scientific Research, 46 (2012): 47-59. Print. Gupta, Shakti Kant, Sunil. â€Å"Total Quality Management and Accreditation Strategic Essentials for the next Millennium† Hospital Notes, 2. 2. (April-June 1999): 1-6. Print. Powell, C. Thomas. â€Å"Total Quality Management as Competitive Advantage: A review and Empirical Study† Strategic Management Journal, 16. 1. (1995): 15-37. Yousaf, Nadeem. â€Å"Top Management Commitment for TQM-a process model† Pakistan’s 10th International Convention on Quality Improvement. (2006): 1-11. Print.

How to Write a Thesis Proposal

How to Write a Thesis Proposal How to Write a Thesis Proposal A simple framework is followed in compiling a thesis proposal. At first, a particular issue on a given topic is identified. Afterwards, various findings and scholarly works on the given topic are identified and studied. An evaluation is then done on the collected documents where information, that would be necessary to solve such an issue from the collected documents, is singled out. An analysis of the data is then done where the results that are related to the stated issue, get reported. Thesis proposals are written using simple language for the purpose of quick understanding by the preferred reader. All thesis proposals should have a thesis proposal cover sheet that bears the authors title and other relevant information about the writer. Another rule that should be observed, while writing a thesis proposal, is that the writer should not include a title page. This is mainly because it is a minor requirement for this case. A title should always be given in the case of a thesis proposal, which should be relevant and must accurately describe the focus of the writer’s thesis statement. In the advent of writing a thesis proposal, various procedures need to be followed. For instance, the writer is supposed to first outline the objective of the thesis proposal. This part entirely entails creating awareness of the available research issue and probable approach to it. It also involves giving a clear problem statement that is done by looking at current research on the subject matter. The second step that is followed, while writing a thesis proposal, is presenting a good and clear outline of the required thesis proposal document. This step involves various sub-topics that form the body of the document. Such topics include the title; an abstract, a brief introduction on the subject matter; proposed findings; related research and conclusion; then lastly, a bibliography is given. In the case of the heading, it should be laid out clearly in order to attract the readers. This involves being careful for the sake of the writer, so as to avoid some common writing mistakes, hence the presentation of an outstanding thesis proposal. The last step towards writing a thesis proposal involves giving various details on minimal concerns, together with expectations. This largely includes issues to do with timing, length, flexibility and finally, preliminary works. For example, on the issue of time, some particular persons may feel that they need their proposal done by the end of two and a half years. This means that those, handling this particular thesis, need to consider performing the given task before the given time is over, in order for them to have met the thesis requirements. At you can easily get professional thesis proposal help online, from PhD academic writers. Custom thesis proposal writing of the highest quality guaranteed.

How the theme of servant and master in the Tempest is connected to the Essay

How the theme of servant and master in the Tempest is connected to the scenic progression - Essay Example ..' however further on lines 348 and 349 we learn that Caliban tried to rape Miranda and was not sorry for it. He wished he could have succeeded as he says, 'Thou didst prevent me - I had peopled else/This isle with Calibans.' This seems to be the reason for Prospero treating Caliban this way and shows Calibans savage, vindictive nature. This quote shows they have exploited him by making him work for them and treating him as an inferior by relating him to an animal by calling him names such as 'tortoise'. However Prospero also says, 'we cannot miss him' which shows how Prospero and Miranda rely on him and should treat him with a little bit more respect. Other ways in which we see Prospero as the colonizer are he forced Caliban to learn his language and Miranda calls Calibans language 'gabble'. He also insults Calibans mother and refers to Calibans race as 'vile'. This is how colonizers would have behaved. They would see their race as far superior. Prospero is also viewed as a colonizer because he uses force to control Caliban. He says, '...I'll rack thee with old cramps/Fill all thy bones with aches, make thee roar...' This shows that if Caliban is not willing to obey and do things for Prospero he will make him do it by inflicting pain upon him. This is how some f the colonizers would have behaved because they wanted control. This shows Caliban is paying fo... This is how some f the colonizers would have behaved because they wanted control. We see Caliban as the colonized native because he was stupid enough to show Prospero all the resources f the island and then he lost his island to Prospero. Caliban tells us this by saying, '...And then I loved thee And showed thee all the qualities o' the 'sle, The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place... Cursed be I that did so!...' This shows Caliban is paying for his actions and wishes he had never have shown Prospero the good qualities f the island. This mirrors how the natives behaved. They genuinely welcomed the colonizers and treated them well. Again in Act 2 Scene 2 Caliban the same mistake again when he says to Stephano, ' I'll show thee every fertile inch o' th'island. And I will/kiss thy foot - I prithee be my god.' Here we can see that Caliban is making the same mistake again which leads us to believe he really is dumb and fits into the category f the stereotypical native. However here Caliban can be seen as quite intelligent as he sees Stephano as a softer master and an easier way to eventually be free. We know this because Caliban sings, 'No more dams I'll make for fish, Nor fetch in firing At requiring, Nor scrape trenchering, nor wash dish, ....Has a new master-get a new man. Freedom, high-day, high-day freedom' Although Caliban appears to be smart here he says in his song he will no longer have to do these tough tasks Prospero makes him do even though he promised to do them for Stephano. When Prospero first came to the island he was nice to Caliban they way Stephano is being but that could change when Caliban does not do what he promised and Stephano could end up being a harder master. Evidence that Caliban was colonised by Prospero is that he is

Religion Or Mythology In Greek Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion Or Mythology In Greek Culture - Essay Example There are two main types of myths in Greek culture; the divine myths that deals with the gods, their origins as well as actions, and heroic myths that are based on human actions. From these myths, one can affirm that Greeks valued life. They also believed in living their life to the fullest since they disregarded death as part of life (Sailors 7). Greeks also value specific people in the society. This is evidenced by their carving of imperishable legends that did magnificent things while they were alive. In other words, they carved their legends as one way of pursuing fame. In connection with this, it is apparent that some of the Greek myths influenced the lifestyle of youths. The myths were models of human excellence, and as a result of this, Greek youths emulates them. Greeks greatly admire strength, beauty as well as intelligence. The value of these elements is evidenced by their myth that grants men the power of measuring all things. In tandem with this, it is the nature of the G reeks to have a man deciding on almost all things in life. In conclusion, religion and mythology play a significant role in the Greek society. Religion enabled Greeks to communicate their experiences despite being made up of different religious practices. Apart from acting as self-representation of the Greek community, Greek religion served as a unifying factor. Greek myths show that Greeks valued life as well as specific people in the society. The involvement of religion in everything done in Greece led to the unification of the Greek’s religious culture.

Response to at least 3 students assignment posting separately (80 Coursework

Response to at least 3 students assignment posting separately (80 words each) with at least 2 references - Coursework Example Health records are sensitive information yet are vital in the effective treatment of patients. A national HER system would greatly increase efficiency as well as provide vital information e.g. chronic conditions or allergies that make some procedures unsuitable for some patients during medical emergencies (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2012). The issue of security and privacy can be easily addressed by the federal government having central servers and records being accessed only by ascertained health practitioners with proper security credentials allowing them access to the records (Gunter and Terry, 2005). The example of using technology to address issues of air quality is a perfect example of technology being used to enhance policy implementation (Shafie, 2008). At the same time, hierarchical agency compliance is promoted as information sharing from the federal, state and local agencies moves quickly and efficiently. In addition to that, the people affected by the policies and its outcomes can share information among themselves and the agencies thus giving much needed feedback and suggestions for improvement of service delivery (AirNow, 2012). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). EHR incentive programs. Available from: http://www.cms.gov/RegulationsandGuidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/index. html?redirect=/EHRIncentivePrograms/ 30_Meaningful_Use.asp Shafie, D. M. (2008). â€Å"Participation in E-rulemaking: Interest groups and the standard-setting process for hazardous air pollutants.† Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 5(4), 399-410.